CCMAS Course Search

Definition, concepts, terminologies in environmental Ssnitation: environment, environmental sanitation. components of environmental sanitation: solid waste management, excreta and sewage disposal, food sanitation, market and abattoir sanitation, sanitary inspection of premises (SIP), housing and urban development, management of the urban drainage system, school sanitation, pest and vector control, adequate potable water supply, control of reared and stray animals, weed and vegetation control, hygiene education and promotion, hospital sanitation, medical waste sanitation. Methods of disposal of dead bodies, embalmment of dead bodies, autopsy report, disposal of dead bodies in emergency conditions, exhumation, transportation of corpse, mortuary and cemetery. Planning for sanitation. Special homes sanitation, recreational centres and garden sanitation, Institutional sanitation such as hospital, government offices, government houses, stadia, and many others. SIP Tools (E.S. 1-15); Role of Environmental Health practitioners in environmental sanitation, institutional sanitation and many others. organisation of sanitation activities. Techniques involved in promoting community sanitation. Community mobilisation and participation in environmental sanitation. Management of urban drainage system. Financing environmental sanitation. Sanitation advocacy: Talking sanitation using various media. Tools, equipment and instruments for environmental sanitation. Development of proposal for sanitation; Strategies for Sustaining environmental sanitation. Indices of environmental sanitation among populace. Reporting system for sanitation; national policy on environmental sanitation; Environmental sanitation laws; features of eco-toilets, types of eco-toilets; recycling the nutrient. Grey water characteristics and management, advantages and disadvantages of ecological sanitation; Environmental Sanitation Diseases such as Ascariasis, Cholera and many others. 400 Level

The concept and importance of environmental standards. Steps in setting environmental standards: evaluation of the specific risk, calculation of the expected value of the occurrence of the risk, classification of possible types of damage (i) changes due to physiochemical damages, (ii) ecological damages in plants and animals, and (iii) damages to human health, establishment of an acceptable risk, in view of the expected collective benefit and the balancing process. Steps in the balancing process: (i) to establish objectives that serves the protection of life, health and environment, and allows a rational allocation of social resources, (ii) studying the possible outcomes of implementing these objectives, and (iii) considering social costs or damages, which will arise when any of the available options are not further pursued. Evaluation of environmental standards in Nigeria.

Students are expected to choose topics on issue relating to the environment. Students will be required to present a seminar on the chosen topic.

Natural and environmental toxicants; air pollution; Water pollution; food contamination; Pesticides and Herbicides toxicity and management; Radiation toxicity; Effects on body systems; heavy metals intoxication and Managements

Introduction to toxicology and environmental toxicology: - classification and types of toxicology. Concept of LD and LC. Dose response analysis. Importance of toxicology in public health, introduction to chemical pathology. Toxicodynamics and toxicokinetics. toxicants of environmental and public health concern:- lead poisoning, Pesticides, hydrocarbon poisoning, cyanide, house hold toxicants, medical toxicants:- aspirin, barbiturate, acetaminophen, environmental toxicants and xenobiotics:- carbonmonoxide poisoning, food borne poisons, nitrogen oxide poison, sulphur oxide poison, drugs of abuse:- alcohol, nicotine toxicity, opiod; mining toxicants such as lead, mercury, uranium, arsenic, and many others. other toxicants:- heavy metals, radioactive materials, food additives, animal toxins, phytotoxins, plastics and psychogenic drugs. Toxic pollutants in air, land and water. Exposure pathways, standards and health implications. System, Organ, Tissue and Cell pathophysiology. Probit analysis; general approach in poison prevention and control; poisoning signs, symptoms and management; biological poisons:- snake, scorpion and many others venom. Basics of nanotoxicology; basics of forensics in EH; Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in the environment.

Biophysics of radiation and illumination. Protection against radiation and other hazards. Role of Optometry in health care systems. Introduction to environmental Optometry. Vision screening. Occupational Optometry (Visual efficiency; Eye protection programmes in industry). Chemical injuries to external eye structures and First aid care. Lighting strategies (Evaluation and design of Lighting). Visual ergonomics in the workplace; Adaptation of vision to specific vocational needs: testing devices, analytical and demonstrative techniques in vocational prescribing. Visual requirements for driving (Vision and highway/transportation safety). Vision through the atmosphere; Problems of vision under water; Human factors in the solution to visual problems.

Introduction to enzymes. Properties and functions, nature and properties of enzymes. Kinetics of enzyme action, allosteric effects. Enzyme assay in clinical medicine, immobilised enzymes, hybridoma technology and monoclonal antibodies in medicine and biological research. The role of electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation in the generation of ATP, theories and models proposed for ATP generation.

Introduction to enzymes. Properties and functions, nature and properties of enzymes. Kinetics of enzyme action, allosteric effects. Enzyme assay in clinical medicine, immobilised enzymes, hybridoma technology and monoclonal antibodies in medicine and biological research. The role of electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation in the generation of ATP, theories and models proposed for ATP generation.

Classification and nomenclature of enzymes; Extraction and purification of enzymes; Specificity of enzyme action; Kinetics of single substrate enzymes catalysed reactions; Enzyme inhibitions; Kinetics of multi-substrate enzyme catalysed reaction; Investigation of active site structure; Application of enzyme technology; Immobilized enzymes and enzyme utilization in industries; Ligand binding; Kinetics of multi-binding sites; Structure and mechanism of selected enzymes; Integration and regulation of metabolism; oxidative and photo-phosphorylation; Membrane carbohydrate and surface specificity

General epidemiologic concepts: Principles and methods of epidemiology. Distribution and dynamics of diseases; description and application of the descriptive epidemiological models of person-time-place, and agent-host-environment relationships with respect to specific diseases. Description of natural history of disease and the epidemiologic methods for prevention and control. Definition and application of epidemiological measures of risks in a population. The concept and practice of screening, and disease surveillance in the control and prevention of diseases. Basic principles and techniques of morbidity surveys, retrospective (case-control) and prospective (cohort) studies. Infectious disease epidemiology. Application of epidemiological principles and methods in decision analysis and clinical decision. Application of basic biostatistical techniques in epidemiology