Educational Management

Goal: This course is designed to equip the student with a working knowledge of the basic principles of management and organizational behaviour as they apply in the practice of management of nursing institutions. Course Objectives: On completion of the course the student should be able to:- Describe management and management functions Know the basis of structure and character of organizations. Understand the basis and dynamics of human behaviour in organizations Appreciate the basic principles and functions of management Understand the basic principles and practice of administration of nursing institutions Appreciate the basic principles and practice of financial management in nursing institutions Understand the dynamics and methods of management of change in institutions Know the general requirements for securing and maintaining a teaching employment in Nigeria. Unit I: Introduction to Management and Organization Definition of management Management functions in educational management Formal and informal organizations Organization as a system e.g. College Bureaucratic organization Private/commercial organizations and systems Unit II: The Structure and Character of Organizations Definition of organization and reasons for its existence Characteristics of formal and informal organizations Structure of organizations: factors which influence the structuring of organizations e.g. objectives of the organization, size, ownership, geographical location, technology and system of production or service Systemic nature of organization e.g. Federal, State and Private/Commercial organizations Structural and functional character of systems such as unifying of goals (e.g. college goals), input and output, feedback (positive and negative), entropy (attending to chaos), hierarchical organizations, subsystems (e.g. departments), interdependence and interaction among subsystems and systems, energy exchange between the system and external environment (community relations). Unit III: Bureaucracy Bureaucratic process: General structure and specific features of government bureaucracy, individual bureaucracy and professional bureaucracy using typical examples in Nigerian society e.g. specialization of labour rationality, impersonality, autonomy, stability, elaborate rules and procedures, hierarchical organization, massive record keeping. Features and suitability of the following types of organization structures: line and staff structure, functional staff structure, matrix structure. Model organizational structure of a typical nursing institution and the basis of the designed structures. Bureaucratic dysfunctions including those arising from inherent general assumptions on organization structure and human beings in organizations. Among these are: rationality, fallibility of rules, unity of ends, superior hierarchical competency. NOTE: A typical educational institutions is a scalar and functional system. The model should depict this fact. Unit IV: Human Behavior in Organizations Factors which determine human performance in organizations e.g. abilities and aptitudes, personal objectives, needs style of management and mental habit organizational objectives. Maslow’s theory of human motivation and its implications for the control of human behaviours in a college/school setting. Human motivation profile based on Maslow’s need categories - changes with age Dimensions and significance of unconscious motivation in organizations including group of in-born or socially inherited tendencies that are latent energizers of behavior e.g. attitude of hard work and perseverance, inward drive to perfection and achievement, drive to dominate, other latent personality and cultural traits Hertzberg’s two factor theory of job satisfaction in today’s organizational setting in Nigeria. Authority and power in organizations. Types of power and the techniques of power acquisition in organizations e.g. coercive power remunerative or reward power, legitimate power, expert power, referent power, personality attractiveness power, political power. Behavioural manifestation of power acquisition, conservation and balancing in organization with reference to educational institutions e.g. withdrawal or apathy of the party with a less power, formation of latent coalitions, collusion and clique syndrome, continuous interaction posture, parricide, paranoid thinking, ritualism (a tendency to reduce every behaviour to matters of rule, procedure and writing), status display. Unit V: Leadership: Definition of leadership Characteristic features of autocratic, democratic and laissez-faire styles of leadership and situations in which each type is most effective Reality of democratic mode of leadership in today’s bureaucratic organization with reference to secondary and tertiary level educational institutions. Unit VI: Managing Organizations. Management principles and their limitations e.g. Fayol’s principles of management and their validity for today’s management of educational institutions. Basic functions of management and their interrelationship in the effective management of curriculum and instruction e.g. planning organizing, motivating, controlling, directing, staffing, forecasting, communicating and coordinating. Importance and modes of delegation of responsibilities in educational institutions e.g. use of committees, structural decentralization or departmentalization etc. Unit VII: Basic Principles and Practice of Administration of Nursing Institutions: Elements of Philosophy and objectives of a nursing institution such as: An expression of the existence and purposes of the institution as reflected in its concerns for the learner, the local community, the Nigerian Society, the Cause of knowledge/occupation and so conceived within the frame of the existing national aspirations, objectives and policies on education. Means and methods routinely adopted for the realization of such philosophy and objectives. And such means and methods must necessarily touch on how every facet of the life or the institution is consciously made an expression and realization of the philosophy and objectives e.g. campus environment, programmes offered, campus social activities, community relations, etc. Philosophy and objectives of a typical nursing institution in a named locality in Nigeria. Common systems of academic record keeping in nursing/nursing related institutions e.g. course, grades, credit systems, CGPA. Academic policies and regulations in nursing programmes. Methods and instruments used to maintain academic standards. Type and sources of information necessary, the routing and dissemination of information. Unit VIII: Environment and Services Administration Environment and Services Administration including elements of good campus planning and effects on learning e.g. municipal services, aesthetic functioning of infrastructures, order and safety of environment. Effects of environment on personalities. Basic functional areas of nursing institutions; their functional and spatial relationship e.g. teaching area (classrooms, workshops, studios, laboratories), administrative area, catering (cafeteria, kiosks, shopping area, kitchen, etc.), transport area (garage, packing lots), utilities (main supply) area. Comparative merits of common forms of design of the supporting structures of teachers of teaching accommodation with reference to flexibility of use e.g. the supporting wall principle, the skeleton principle, the bulkhead principle, the self-supporting ceiling principle.Campus maintenance suitable for a nursing institution. Evaluation of the adequacy of nursing institution site in terms of aesthetics, functional and spatial relations maintenance and safety and make recommendations. Unit IX: The Basic Principles and Practice of Financial Management in Nursing Institutions Sources of funds for nursing and nursing related institutions in Nigeria e.g. government subvention, application fees, consultancy and contract, bank interest, sale of students products/projects. Elements, methods and process of budget preparation in nursing and nursing related institutions. Audited reports of accounts. Analysis of cost per capital cost of training. Unit X: Management of Change in Institutions Necessity and pervasiveness of change in organizations. Elements of change in the institution and the modes by which they change e.g. institutional objectives, programmes, resources and facilities, students and staff, knowledge and technology, organization structure, mode of relationship with the community, system of funding. Strategies for effecting planned change in institution e.g. empirical-rational normative- reeducating, power/coercive strategies. Ramifications of curriculum change in institutions e.g. change in the curriculum involves change in facilities and resources, staffing, admission, funding, instruction and technology. Model approach for introducing a new programme, or for modifying existing programme in nursing and nursing related institution. Unit XI: Employment Contract and Tenures Basic components of job description and personnel specifications. General procedures for writing job descriptions and personnel specifications. Job description and personnel specification for the various categories of teachers in nursing institution. General conditions of services for teachers as obtained in the public service, taking into account types of employment and pension schemes. Instrument and procedures for settling industrial dispute and grievances in the teaching service. Curriculum vitae and its elements.