Environmental Toxicology

At the end of this course, students should be able to: 1. explain the following terms toxicology, environmental toxicology, chemical pathology, toxicodynamic, toxicokinetics, pesticides, phytotoxins, LD50, AD, LC50, dose response and many others; 2. outline the different types of toxicology; 3. discuss the classification of toxicology; 4. explain the importance of toxicology in environmental health care; 5. outline the principles of chemical pathology; 6. examine common Environmental Toxicants/poisons; 7. discuss exposure pathways such as skin, mouth, nose and many others; 8. compare LD50 and LC50. ; 9. discuss the basic pathophysiology of toxicant on cells, organs and systems; 10. outline the principles of probit analysis; 11. assess methods in the prevention and control of environmental poisons; 12. list common food additives and their public health importance; 13. appraise toxicants of environmental and public health concern; 14. distinguish medical and environmental toxicants; 15. list drugs and substances that are commonly abused; 16. elaborate toxicants inherent in mining activities in Nigeria; 17. outline the general approach in poison prevention and control; 18. explain signs, symptoms and management of poisoning; 19. analyse biological poisons from snake, scorpion and dog; 20. explain the use of anti-venoms in the management of biological poisoning; 21. discuss nanotoxicology; 22. what is forensics in environmental toxicology; 23. enumerate various types of Xenobiotics in the environment; and 24. discuss Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in the environment.

Introduction to toxicology and environmental toxicology: - classification and types of toxicology. Concept of LD and LC. Dose response analysis. Importance of toxicology in public health, introduction to chemical pathology. Toxicodynamics and toxicokinetics. toxicants of environmental and public health concern:- lead poisoning, Pesticides, hydrocarbon poisoning, cyanide, house hold toxicants, medical toxicants:- aspirin, barbiturate, acetaminophen, environmental toxicants and xenobiotics:- carbonmonoxide poisoning, food borne poisons, nitrogen oxide poison, sulphur oxide poison, drugs of abuse:- alcohol, nicotine toxicity, opiod; mining toxicants such as lead, mercury, uranium, arsenic, and many others. other toxicants:- heavy metals, radioactive materials, food additives, animal toxins, phytotoxins, plastics and psychogenic drugs. Toxic pollutants in air, land and water. Exposure pathways, standards and health implications. System, Organ, Tissue and Cell pathophysiology. Probit analysis; general approach in poison prevention and control; poisoning signs, symptoms and management; biological poisons:- snake, scorpion and many others venom. Basics of nanotoxicology; basics of forensics in EH; Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in the environment.