Course Gaps at Isa Mustapha Agwai I Polytechnic Lafia
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MCE 405
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Flagged 13 Aug 2026
At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. develop the mathematical model of the physical systems; 2. analyse the response of the closed and open loop systems; 3. analyse the stability of the closed an...
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Introduction to control system: Concept of feedback and Automatic control, Effects of
feedback, Objectives of control system, Definition of linear and nonlinear systems, Elementary
concepts of sensitivity and robustness. Types of control systems, Servomechanisms and
regulators, examples of feedback control systems. Transfer function concept. Pole and Zeroes
of a transfer function. Properties of Transfer function. Mathematical modelling of dynamic
systems: Translational systems, Rotational systems, Mechanical coupling, Liquid level
systems, Electrical analogy of Spring– MassDashpot system. Block diagram representation of
control systems. Block diagram algebra. Signal flow graph. Mason’s gain formula. Control
system components: Potentiometer, Synchros, Resolvers, Position encoders. DC and AC
tachogenerators. Actuators. Block diagram level description of feedback control systems for
position control, speed control of DC motors, temperature control, liquid level control, voltage
control of an Alternator.
Time domain analysis: Time domain analysis of a standard second order closed loop
system. Concept of undamped natural frequency, damping, overshoot, rise time and settling
time. Dependence of time domain performance parameters on natural frequency and damping
ratio. Step and Impulse response of first and second order systems. Effects of Pole and Zeros
on transient response. Stability by pole location. Routh Hurwitz criteria and applications. Error
Analysis: Steady state errors in control systems due to step, ramp and parabolic inputs.
Concepts of system types and error constants. Stability Analysis: Root locus techniques,
construction of Root Loci for simple systems. Effects of gain on the movement of Pole and
Zeros. Frequency domain analysis of linear system: Bode plots, Polar plots, Nichol’s chart,
Concept of resonance frequency of peak magnification. Nyquist criteria, measure of relative
stability, phase and gain margin. Determination of margins in Bode plot. Nichol’s chart. circle
and Contours in Nichols chart. Control System performance measures: Improvement of
system performance through compensation. Lead, Lag and Lea lag compensation, PI, PD and
PID control.