CCMAS Course Search

Folk remedies and pharmacology; A review of principles of traditional practices in the treatment of animal diseases; Collection; extraction and testing of plant extracts; Drug development and clinical trials; Review of research trends in ethnopharmacology

Definitions, historical and religious basis of ethnomedicine – The medicine of Avicena, Esculapius and Galen. Key events in the development of modern Pharmacy including examples of important drugs developed from ethnopharmacology (the Calabar bean, South American arrow poison, Coca chewing and opium poppy smoking of the American Indians and many others). Race and cultural influence of traditional medicine, Herbal medicine and orthodox medicine – Homeopath; Naturopaths, Chinese acupuncture African Medicine. Socio-economic, politico-religious and technological influence on drug development and medical practice. Process of drug discovery using ethnopharmacology (information sources, extraction (solvent consideration and process), scientific investigation (tests for biological activity, bioassay, clinical trial). Challenges/issues of drug discovery from natural products (in collection, extraction and preparation, biological variation, loss of species, loss of knowledge, issues of Intellectual Property Rights) and desirability or not of merging orthodox and traditional medical practices. WHO strategy to address the challenges. The African pharmacopoeia.

Key concepts of evidence-based rehabilitation science. Issues relating to diagnosis, prognosis, and intervention. Making clinical decisions that are consistent with evidence in professional literature. Experience in searching the literature by developing clinical questions in a form that is compatible with electronic search engines and learning differences in available electronic data bases. Types of professional writing useful to occupational therapists including: grant proposals, journal articles, books, client education materials, and presentation of proposals and papers. Form and content of a range of technical documents and the processes of writing, peer review and critique.

Origin of plants: Green algae - multicellular and mosses as aquatic ancestors; Movement to land: mosses and liverworts; Characteristics of first terrestrial plants; Origin of seeds; Evolution of higher plants and their diversity; Importance of plant diversity; Relationship between families of flowering plants; Diversity and evolution of gymnosperms; Reticulate evolution of higher plants; Evolution of flower; Ecological importance of species diversity

Moral philosophy, clinical ethics and professionalism, communication, interviewing skills Healthcare delivery as an inter-disciplinary profession. Human resource for health. Introduction to, the roles of various healthcare specialists in MHD. Complimentary and alternate Medicine. Human nutrition. Critical care medicine. Psychology. Herbal and traditional medicine. Spiritual medicine. Energy and mind-body medicine. Biologically based medical practice. Public Health aspects of CAM. Medical jurisprudence and professional liability issues.

The synthetic theory of evolution and its development; The sources of variability; The nature of mutation; its causes and adaptiveness; The organization of genetic variability; The differentiation of population; Reproductive isolation and the origin of species; The role of hybridization and polyploidy in evolution; Major trends of evolution; Current issues in evolution

Definitions of physical exercise and sport. Energy expenditure during physical exercise. Cardiovascular, respiratory and renal adjustments during physical exercise. Thermoregulatory system in exercise. Water and electrolytes balance in exercise. The integrated neural and hormonal control during physical exercise. The health benefits of physical exercise and the role of exercise in the management of various health conditions. PIO 499: Research Project (5 units C: PH 225) Learning Outcomes On completion of this course, students should be able to: 1. prepare the final write-up of the research project using the appropriate format within the stipulated time frame; and 2. present and defend the write-up of the research project. Course Contents Independent research findings into selected areas/topics of interest to be supervised by an academic staff. Students will be required to carry out literature survey on the topics, perform experiments and produce reports (preferably at the end of second semester). Students will be subjected to both seminar and oral examination on the projects undertaken.

Definitions of physiology of exercise. Importance of Exercise physiology in human health and functioning. Structure of skeletal muscle. Functions of skeletal muscle. Energy systems and body fuels. Final common pathway of metabolism. Physiological adjustment of body systems to exercise under different conditions. Body response to acute/single bout exercise, exercise and adaptations to chronic exercises. Effects of exercise on body composition.

Mechanics principles: Force, Tension, Mechanics of position (Gravity, base of support, equilibrium, fixation and stabilisation). Mechanics of movement: Axes and planes, scalar and vector quantity. Simple machines (Levers and Pulley). Pendulums, Elasticity. General introduction to movement: Body levers and the force applied to it, types of movement and posture, types of muscle contraction, types of muscle work, range of muscle work, strength of muscle contraction, group action of muscles, pattern of movement, timing of movement, rhythm of movement and the nervous control of movement. Introduction to exercise therapy: definition, aims of treatment by exercise therapy, the techniques of exercise therapy, starting positions. Introduction to breathing exercise (Chest physiotherapy): Localized breathing, general breathing, measurement of chest girth (chest expansion), vital capacity. Approach to patient problems and assessment of patient's conditions.