CCMAS Course Search

Description of the principles behind the operation of optometric / ophthalmic instruments; Principle of design, basic maintenance and repairs of common Optometric instruments. Advances in Optometry instrumentation.

The scope and various modes of practice; single/solo, partnership, group practice, employed practice in hospitals, government and industry. The development and management of an optometric practice. Office location and layout. The development of inter-and intra-professional relationships. Role and function of key stakeholders including Optometrists and Dispensing Opticians Registration Board of Nigeria and many others. Policy document on unethical business practices.

Fundamentals of oral embryology and histology. The skull and associated bones including mandible, maxilla, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ), The movement of the TMJ, The muscles of facial expression and mastication including their origins and insertions, functions as well as their nerve and blood supplies. Anatomy of the open mouth including the palate the tongue, the vestibules, and denture bearing areas, The teeth, different types, their special features including deciduous and permanent dentitions, their nerve and blood supplies, the distributions of the facial and trigeminal nerves as well as the maxillary and mandibular branches of the external carotid artery. The structure of the periodontium including its function, the principal fibres, the papilla, and gingival sulcus. the salivary glands, their locations, ducts, and nerve supply. The tongue, intrinsic and extrinsic muscles movements, innervations, and functions.

Embryological development of the oral cavity and its structures. The basal lamina. Mesodermal tissues of maxillary and mandibular process. Primary epithelial band. Vestibular band. Dental lamina. Dental papilla. Sheath of Hertwig. Period of formation of the various stages stated above. Dentinogenesis and its stages. Early dentine development. Later dentine development. Pulp tissue. Developmental stages of the teeth under the following. Dental follicles. Gum pads. Development of Dental tissues. Amelogenesis and its stages. Matrix formation. Calcification of matrix. Maturation. Anatomy of the oral cavity and associated structures. Oral Cavity: Tongue; Taste bud. Salivary glands: Major salivary glands and their locations: Parotid, Submandibular and Sublingual. Minor salivary glands - distributed all over the mouth, Palate, Tonsils and adenoids. Function of saliva in the maintenance of oral health. Saliva; Secretion. Quantity. Composition. Functions. Process of homeostasis. Morphology of the teeth. Definition of the following terms; Mesial - lingual; Distal - Buccal; Labial - palatal; Incisal - occlusal; Groove - Proximal; Triangular ridge; Oblique Ridge and many others. Structure of the teeth: Longitudinal section of both anterior and posterior part of the teeth. Mechanism of blood supply to the pulp tissue. Describe the Innervation of the teeth. Eruption of deciduous and permanent teeth: Tooth Eruption. Types of eruption. Active eruption. Passive eruption. Functional eruption. Incisor. Canine. 1stmolar. 2nd molar. Period of 3rd molar formation and eruption of each set of teeth. Exfoliation of deciduous teeth.

Preoperative patient assessment in exodontias. Infiltration and block techniques used in exodontias. Armamentarium and clinical demonstrations and practice of the principles of intra- alveolar forceps exodontias including haemorrhage control. Armamentarium, clinical demonstrations and practice of trans-alveolar exodontias. Management of post-extraction 255 bleeding and alveolar osteitis. The maxillofacial surgery theatre. Surgical instrumentation in oral and maxillofacial surgery. General anaesthesia in oral and maxillofacial surgery. History taking and clinical examination in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Systemic considerations in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Drugs and drug interactions in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Introduction to odontogenesis, amelogenesis, dentinogenesis and cementogenesis. Formation of periodontium, developmental abnormalities. Effect of hormones on oral structures. Saliva, its functions, and salivary glands. Organic and inorganic constituents of saliva, mastication and deglutition, taste and its stimuli. Tooth deposits-pellicle, plaque, calculus. Calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Knowledge of all stages involved in the formation of the tooth.

Ulcerative and vesiculo-bullous lesions. White and red lesions. Benign soft and hard tissue lesions of the oral cavity. Disorders of pigmentation. Oral pre-malignant and malignant lesions. Oro-facial complications of non-surgical cancer therapy. Salivary gland disorders. Pain definition and concepts. Pain pathway and patho-physiology. Neuropathic pain disorders. Anatomy and function of the temporomandibular joint. Temporomandibular joint disorders.

Importance of good oral health. Define health. Explain dental health education. Explain the importance of good oral health. List the health risks associated with poor oral health. State the relationship between oral and general health. Describe the structures in the mouth that can aid maintenance of good oral health. Materials Required for Maintenance of Good Oral Health. Identify materials used for cleaning the mouths such as toothpaste, toothbrush, wood points, dental floss, chewing stick, oral rinses. Identify sources of the materials listed above. Describe the composition of a toothpaste. State the importance of fluoride in toothpaste. Describe a good toothbrush. Identify the various types of toothbrushes. Explain the differences observed in the various brushes mentioned above. Describe the various tooth brushing techniques. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the techniques listed above. Demonstrate the acceptable tooth brushing techniques. Identify the various types of chewing sticks. Explain advantages and disadvantages of the chewing sticks listed above on the teeth and the gingivae.

Concept of needs and barriers to oral care. Role of the behavioural sciences in dentistry. Models of health behaviour. Primary health care approach in dentistry and the basic package of oral care. Oral health financing. The Nigerian oral health policy. Health service organisations. Oral health manpower. Dental informatics and tele-dentistry.

Cysts of the jaws. Benign odontogenic swellings. Benign non-odontogenic swellings, carcinomas, sarcomas. Maxillofacial reconstruction and tissue transplantation. Recent advances in reconstructive surgery.