Oral Biology

At the end of this course, students should be able to: 1. describe the tooth model hypotheses and amelogenesis and its stages with functions of ameloblasts; 2. list stages of dentinogenesis and the types of dentine, as well as cementogenesis and the formation of the periodontium; 3. explain the effects of age on mineralised dental tissues; 4. describe the effect of hormones on oral structures; 5. define hormones, and classify steps in their secretion; 6. outline their regulation, effects and therapeutic uses; 206 7. describe the effects of hypo-secretion and hyper-secretion, thyroid hormone, growth hormone, parathyroid hormone; 8. know the effect of sex hormones at different stages of puberty, pregnancy and menopause; 9. define saliva, classify salivary glands and list the components of saliva; 10. enumerate the functions of saliva and describe the structure and development of saliva; describe the clinical and applied anatomy of saliva and salivary glands, mastication, deglutition and taste; 11. define mastication and describe the functions of temporomandibular joint and muscles of mastication; 12. explain the roles of tongue, cheek and lips as aids to mastication and the 3 hypotheses for reflex control of mastication; 13. discuss masticatory efficiency and masticatory disorders as well as all the stages of deglutition; 14. enumerate the principles and basics of taste sensation; 15. describe tooth deposits and calcium metabolism; 16. define pellicle, types of pellicles and formation of pellicle including plaque and its composition; 17. differentiate the types of plaque and enumerate factors that favour its formation; 18. outline the clinical implication of plaque accumulation on tooth and the gingivae; 19. discuss the theories on mechanism of calculus formation; 20. outline and contrast types of calculus; and 21. explain calcium metabolism.

Introduction to odontogenesis, amelogenesis, dentinogenesis and cementogenesis. Formation of periodontium, developmental abnormalities. Effect of hormones on oral structures. Saliva, its functions, and salivary glands. Organic and inorganic constituents of saliva, mastication and deglutition, taste and its stimuli. Tooth deposits-pellicle, plaque, calculus. Calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Knowledge of all stages involved in the formation of the tooth.