CCMAS Course Search

Review of human anatomy. Pupillary and accommodative anomalies in neurological diseases. Headaches, migraines, and other photopsic episodes. Optic nerve disorders, supra-nuclear, nuclear and intra-nuclear. Oculomotor presentations, nystagmus, practical approach to some common non- ocular neurological complaints.

Introduction: Review of functional organisation of CNS Pharmacology of drugs used as hypnotics, sedatives, antipsychotics, mood stabiliing drugs, anticonvulsants and related disorders. Anxiolytic drugs. Tricyclic antidepressants and other CNS Stimulants and analeptics. Drugs used in Parkinson and other neurodegenerative diseases. Centrally-acting appetite suppressants. Theories of general anaesthesia, General anaesthetics, Local anaesthetics and pre-anaesthetic medications. Opioid analgesics and antagonists, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics. Practical: Animal Models of Analgesia (Hot Plate and Tail Clip Methods), Epilepsy (Pentylenetetrazole PTZ, Strychnine, 4-aminopyridine and Maximal Electroshock test MEST- induced models of epilepsy). Induction of sleep with barbiturates, sedative-hypnotics, Induction of Parkinson disease in animals using 6-hydroxydopamine and MPTP and Induction of psychosis in animals with amphetamine and treatment with anti-psychotic agents.

Functional organization of CNS. Autonomic neurotransmitters and autonomic effects. Peripheral nervous system. The reflex arc and general properties of reflexes. Receptors and receptor potentials. Cerebrospinal fluid and the blood-brain barrier. The human brain — cerebrum, brain stem, basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus and cerebella. The limbic system. Electrophysiology of the cerebral cortex, the electroencephalogram. Alertness and sleep. Postural regulation and postural reflexes. Speech, learning and memory. Conditioned reflexes and spinal cord transection.

Organisation of the CNS and CNS control systems. Nerve generation and conduction of impulses. Synapses and synaptic transmission. Peripheral nervous system -the reflex arc and general properties of reflexes. Receptors. Spinal reflexes. Excitation and Inhibition. Localization of functions in the cortex. Motor system. Pyramidal and extrapyramidal sensory systems. Reticular formation. Cerebellum: Control of posture. Neurobiology rhythms. Sleep and unconscious states. Memory, learning. Physiology of Special Senses: Eyeball: retina, sight, accommodation. Photochemical mechanism. Receptor potential. Light reflexes and adaptation. Ear: sound waves, hearing. Taste. Smell.

Introduction - Organisation of the CNS and CNS control systems. Nerve generation and conduction of impulses. Synapses and synaptic transmission. Peripheral nervous system -the reflex arc and general properties of reflexes. Receptors. Spinal reflexes. Excitation and Inhibition. Localisation of functions in the cortex. Motor system. Pyramidal and extrapyramidal sensory systems. Reticular formation. Cerebellum: Control of posture. Neurobiology rhythms. Sleep and unconscious states. Memory, learning. Physiology of Special Senses: Eyeball: retina, sight, accommodation. Photochemical mechanism. Receptor potential. Light reflexes and adaptation. Ear: sound waves, hearing. Taste. Smell.

Functional organisation of CNS. Autonomic neurotransmitters and autonomic effects. Peripheral nervous system. The reflex arc and general properties of reflexes. Receptors and receptor potentials. Cerebrospinal fluid and the blood-brain barrier. The human brain —cerebrum, brain stem, basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus and cerebella. The limbic system. Electrophysiology of the cerebral cortex, the electroencephalogram. Alertness and sleep. Postural regulation and postural reflexes. Speech, learning and memory. Conditioned reflexes and spinal cord transection.

Organisation of the CNS and CNS control systems. Nerve generation and conduction of impulses. Synapses and synaptic transmission. Peripheral nervous system -the reflex arc and general properties of reflexes. Receptors. Spinal reflexes. Excitation and Inhibition. Localisation of functions in the cortex. Motor system. Pyramidal and extrapyramidal sensory systems. Reticular formation. Cerebellum: Control of posture. Neurobiology rhythms. Sleep and unconscious states. Memory, learning. Physiology of Special Senses: Eyeball: retina, sight, accommodation. Photochemical mechanism. Receptor potential. Light reflexes and adaptation. Ear: sound waves, hearing. Taste. Smell. 300 Level

Physiology of vision: structure of the eyeball. Optics – eye an optical instrument. Refraction of light and refractive errors. Accommodation. Visual pathways and visual defects. Structure of retina. Biochemistry of vision. Visual acuity, fields of vision and color vision. Physiology of hearing: Auditory stimulus and sound appreciation. Sound characteristics: pitch, intensity and quality. Auditory pathways, neural basis of audition. Types of deafness and tests of both nerve functions. Audiometry. Vestibular pathway and vestibule-ocular reflex Physiology of taste: gustatory system receptors – taste buds and sensation of tastes. Afferent pathways. Tests for taste and abnormality of taste. Physiology of smell: olfactory receptors and pathways. Tests of olfaction. Abnormalities of olfaction and olfactometry.

Basic concepts of Neuroanatomy. Constraint Induced Movement Therapy. Evaluation and assessment of neurological conditions. Principles of Neuroplasticity. Assessment and treatment of clients with neurological deficits. Overview of Stroke. Assessment of the upper extremity function such as functional reach and hand function (in details). Assessment of hemiplegic shoulder. Assessment covering: Positioning and posture, Muscle action and range of motion, Control of movement, Sensation- sharp/dull, light touch, touch localization, temperature, 2-point discrimination, monofilaments, stereognosis, proprioception, kinaesthesia, sensation mapping. Evaluation procedures for performance of skills including: ROM, muscle strength, muscle tone, coordination, control of movement, sensation (cutaneous and cortical), trunk control, cognitive perceptual functions, gait, ADL (activities of daily living). Assessment of functional abilities. Special tests in neurology. Special tests for nerve compression, contractures and deformities. Pain assessment. Outcome measures used in neurological rehabilitation for ADL. Cognitive assessment tests. Visual assessment and test of visual perceptual skills. Overview of the following approaches: Biomechanical, Roods, NDT–Bobath for adults, Movement Therapy, Brunnstrom Approach, Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation. Motor relearning theory and problem-oriented approach, Rehabilitative approach and Affolter’s approach. Task oriented approach.

Development and general plan of the central nervous system. Nerve morphology, generation and conduction of action potential. Sensory division of the nervous system, morphology receptors, sensory pathways, reticular formation, thalamus and sensory cortex.