CCMAS Course Search

The concepts of guidelines and environmental standards. Relationship between guidelines and standards. The guideline value as the maximum permissible concentration that guarantees an acceptable health condition or environmental quality. Types of guidelines. Actors and organizations for the establishment of guidelines: International) panels of experts, Governmental organizations, World Health Organization (WHO) and other international organizations. Components of Environmental Standards: (a) application in near – ground level outdoor locations where a person might reasonably be expected to be exposed over the relevant average period; (b) protection of human health and the environment; (c) contribution to sustainable development. Main targets of environmental standards.: avoiding adverse health effects from high pollution levels, protecting the environment and contributing to sustainable development. The law and environmental standards: regulatory bodies, documents, consequences/penalties. Review of descriptive and basic inferential techniques in handling environmental data for policy making.

History and development of environmental standards as influenced by two competing ideologies of egocentrism and anthropocentrism. Case studies of dumping of cocoa toxic waste. Rio declaration. The meanings and differences between the two worldviews. How this has led to problems and delay in establishing standards, environmentalism and the increased understanding of science and medicine, as well as advances in the measurement of factors contributing to environmental damage. How this improved measurement has allowed scientists to further understand the impact of human – caused environmental damage and destruction on human health and the biodiversity which compose the natural environment and how these developments in science and medicine have been fundamental for the setting of environmental standards.

Brief history of computing. Description of the basic components of a computer/computing device. Input/ Output devices and peripherals. Hardware, software and human ware. Diverse and growing computer/digital applications. Information processing and its roles in society. The Internet, its applications and its impact on the world today. The different areas/programs of the computing discipline. The job specializations for computing professionals. The future of computing. Lab Work: Practical demonstration of the basic parts of a computer. Illustration of different operating systems of different computing devices including desktops, laptops, tablets, smart boards and smart phones. Demonstration of commonly used applications such as word processors, spreadsheets, presentation software and graphics. Illustration of input and output devices including printers, scanners, projectors and smartboards. Practical demonstration of the Internet and its various applications. Illustration of browsers and search engines. How to access online resources.

Energy system in the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere. Current environmental issues including air pollution, water pollution, drought, desertification, deforestation, earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and other environmental hazards.

The meaning and scope of Geomorphology. Rock types, their origins and characteristics. Nature and origin of Second Order Relief Forms of the continents. Structural landforms. The meaning and scope of soil geography. Factors of soil formation. Zonal soils; azonal soils and intrazonal soils.

The nature and definition of value; Definition and purpose of valuation; the function of value economic, constitutional, geographical, environmental, political and legal basis of property value. The effect of the international situation. The capital market and the principles governing interest rates and yield market analysis. Structure and environmental surveys and reports for valuation; the mathematical background and construction of valuation table.

Introduction to the theory of land surveying, Elementary land surveying methods, Chain and tape, prismatic compass, plane table surveying, levelling and production of site plans. Evaluation of technical reports. Identification and solutions to various plane surveying problems Law 208: Land Law (2 Units C: LH 30) Learning Outcomes At the end of this course students will be able to: 1. distinguish between proprietary and personal interests and its relevance to land law; 2. distinguish between freehold and leasehold estates, legal and equitable interests in land; 3. explain Trusts of Land with particular reference to co-ownership of the family home including the holding and management of co-owned land, 4. explain legal and equitable formalities for the creation and disposition of estates and interests in land; 5. explain the concept of priority of interests in registered land; and 6. discuss Commercial interests including mortgages, easements and covenants. Course Contents Introduction to basic concepts: Trusts of Land, freehold and leasehold estates, legal and equitable interests. priority of interests in land, mortgages, easements and covenants. Sources of Nigerian land law, classification and types of property, ownership and possession, real property, customary land law; Nature of title to land under customary law. Nature and management of community land. Industrial rights in community land. Creation and determination of family property under customary law.

Introduction to the concepts of Monitoring, Inspection and Enforcement. Monitoring: the monitoring of activities or agents that have to meet environmental standards: Provisions for the verification of compliance with standards; The need to determine accurately and rapidly extent of compliance by agents, the need for a coordinated monitoring process to reduce the overall costs of regulation and improve outcomes. Inspection: Importance, methods, processes. The place of inspection in achieving the purpose of environmental standards, and how to undertake effective inspection. Enforcement: strength and credibility behind the policy for greater effectiveness. Strength derives from both the likelihood of inspection and the level of fines. Emphasis in this component should be on: (i) the need for enforcement in environmental standards, and (ii) how best to undertake enforcement, usually “appropriate penalties” arising from inspection in the field.

Components of environment and the interaction among components, types of ecosystems (ecosystems as habitat); Principal plants in West Africa, their ecology as related to grazing; Factors affecting flora and fauna distribution at various scales. Vegetation changes through time, adaptation, succession and climax.

Natural resource conservation and management concepts; Natural resources: distribution of the world's natural resources and exploitation; Importance of Natural Resources Conservation and Environmental Management. The concepts of resource use and scarcity Environmental/ecological implications of threatened/endangered natural resources (i.e. forests and wildlife species); sustainable use and conservation of natural resources. Types and Possible solutions to resource and environmental challenges. Tools for creating a sustainable future for the human population challenges.