CCMAS Course Search

Passive circuit elements: R, L, C, transformers; circuit theorems: Ohm’s, KVL, KCL, loop current, node potential, superposition. Network response to step, ramp and impulses. Network functions: response to exponential, sinusoidal sources. Laplace transform and transfer functions: pole-zero configuration and application in solving circuits, resonance; two- port analysis and parameters.

Basic single-phase modeling. Three phase system analysis. Three phase models of transmission lines. Three phase models of transformers. Formation of the system admittance matrix. Modeling of Static AC-DC Conversion Plant: Introduction. Rectification, inversion. Communication reactance. DC transmission. Load Flow: Introduction, Basic nodal-method. Conditioning of Y matrix. The case where one voltage is known. Analytical definition of the problem. Newton-Raphson method of solving load flow problem. Techniques that make Newton-Raphson Me Basic single-phase modeling. Three-phase system analysis. Three-phase models of transmission lines. Three-phase models of transformers. Formation of the system admittance matrix. Modeling of Static AC-DC Conversion Plant: Introduction. Rectification, inversion. Communication reactance. DC transmission. Load Flow: Introduction, Basic nodal- method. Conditioning of Y matrix. The case where one voltage is known. Analytical definition of the problem. Newton-Raphson method of solving load flow problem. Techniques that make Newton-Raphson Method competitive in load flow. Characteristics of the Newton-Raphson load flow method. Decoupled Newton load flow method. Fast Decoupled load flow. Convergence criteria and tests. Numerical examples. AC-DC Load Flow: Introduction. Formulation of the problem. DC system model. Solution techniques. Control of converter AC terminal voltage. Extension to multiple and or multi-terminal DC systems. DC convergence tolerance. Test system and results Numerical examples.Optimal operating strategies: Scheduling of generation, types generating stations and their tecno-economic operating characteristics Fault analysis and Control strategy: types of system protection, generators, transformers, lines etc protection schemes switchgear and circuit breakers operating principles and types.

Advanced electrical resistivity (E.R); Self-potential (S.P) and the induced polarization techniques of geophysical prospecting; Data collection; Correction and consideration of specialized interpretation technique; Application of the electrical methods in geological mapping; mineral investigation; engineering site investigation; groundwater and geothermal energy investigations; Electromagnetic theory; Description of EM fields; Combination of fields; Amplitude and phase relations; Mutual Inductance; Ground Electromagnetic processing methods; Tilt (or Dip) Angle Methods; VLF and AFMG-Field Techniques and Interpretation: Types curves and phasor (Argand) diagrams; Airborne EM methods; Quadrature methods; Long wire system; AFMAG; VLF and Input methods; Field and Data interpretation procedures

Electrical properties of earth material; Self potential and resistivity methods (theory; instruments; array systems; sounding and profiling and depth of investigation); Induced polarization methods in time and frequency domains; Electromagnetic methods (Magneto-telluric; dipole-dipole; Turam; large loop; transient and continuous wave; airborne etc); Applicability and field examples; Radioactive decay and equilibrium; Radioactivity of rocks; Geiger and Scintillation Counters; Gamma-ray spectrometers; Ground and airborne survey procedures; Field examples

Generation of electric energy: Sources of energy. Heat value of fuels. Thermal stations. Hydroelectric stations. Nuclear stations. Economics of power supply: Fixed and running charges in electric power production. Load curves and load duration curves including concept of base, intermediate and peak load. Definition of load factor, maximum demand, Diversity factor and their effects on generation. Distribution system: Survey of power system components: feeders, distributors, services mains, radial and ring-man systems. Voltage drop in distribution systems. Per-unit qualities. Overhead transmission system: Conductors and insulators. Transmission line parameters. Resistance, inductance and capacitance. Skin effect. Corona discharge. Stringing: Calculation of sag and tension. Stringing chart and performance. Representation of short and long power lines. Underground cables: Types. Inductance of concentric cables. Capacitance of single-core and three-core cables. Thermal characteristics. Sheath currents. Circuit breakers: Principles of arc-extinction. Types of circuit breakers. Current growth in a purely inductive circuit. Interpretation of circuit breakers lest oscillographs. Current chopping. Resistance and capacitance switching. Breaking and making currents.

Atomic Structure and Bonding: the internal structure of the atom will be examined and will include the electron orbital model of atomic structure. This will be extended to explain the different types of bonding, which occurs within materials. Crystal Structure: The main types of crystal lattices will be examined and the defects, which may occur, will be described. Properties of Materials: The main properties of materials will be described as will the methods used to quantify them: Free electron motion in static electric and magnetic fields, electronic structure of matter, conductivity in crystalline solids; Theory of energy hands in conductors, insulators and semi-conductors: electrons in metals and electron emissions; carriers and transport phenomena in semi-conductors, characteristics of some electron and resistors, diodes, transistors, photo cell and light emitting diode; Elementary discrete devices fabrication techniques and IC technology. 300 Level

DC Machine, Introduction to Machinery Principles, Rotational motion, Newton’s Law and power relationships, the Magnetic field, Magnetic Circuit with air gap, Faraday’s law, Production of induced force on wire, Induced voltage on a conductor moving in a magnetic field, Linear DC machine.; DC Machinery Fundamentals: Simple rotating loop between curved pole faces, Commutation, Construction, Simple armature winding, Armature reaction, Interpoles, compensating winding and brush shifting, Internal generated voltage and induced torque equations of real machines; DC Generators, Introduction, Voltage regulation, Magnetization curve, Equivalent circuits, Working and characteristics of separately excited, shunt, series and compounded generators, Parallel operations of direct current generators; DC Motors, Introduction, Speed regulation, Equivalent Circuits, Working and Characteristics of separately excited, Shunt and Permanent magnet, Working and Characteristics of series and compounded motors, Torque–speed Equations, Efficiency calculations, Stepper Motor and Drive circuit.; AC Machines Topics, Transformer Fundamentals, Importance of transformers, Types and construction, The ideal transformer, Leakage reactance, Theory and operation of single phase transformer, Losses and phasor diagram, the equivalent circuit of a real transformer, No load and short circuit test, the per unit system, the transformer voltage regulation and efficiency, Autotransformers and concept of its power rating advantages, Current transformer (CT) and Potential transformer (PT), Three phase Transformers, Construction of power Transformer, Three phase connections and harmonics suppression, Vector groups, Three phase transformer using two transformers, Transformer ratings and related problems, Transformer Inrush Current, AC Machines Fundamentals, A simple loop in a uniform magnetic field, Review of three phase generation, Proof of the rotating magnetic field concept and its relation with no. of poles, the relationship between electrical and mechanical degree, the relationship between electrical frequency and the speed of the magnetic field rotation Induced voltage and induced torque, Losses and power flow diagram, Voltage regulation and speed regulation.; Synchronous Generator, Construction, Excitation system, Equivalent circuit of Synchronous Generator, Phasor diagram, Power and Torque, Measurement of model parametres, Effect of load changes on a generator, Parallel operation of generators; Synchronous Motor, Basic principle of motor operation, Equivalent circuit, Torque speed characteristics, Power and torque equation, Phasor diagram, the effects of load change, and field current change, V- curves of synchronous motor and power factor correction, Starting of synchronous motor, Synchronous motor ratings; Three Phase Induction Motor, Construction, Basic concepts and working principles, Synchronous speed, Slip and its effect on rotor frequency and rotor voltage, Equivalent circuit, Power and torque, Torque speed characteristics, losses, efficiency and power factor; Single Phase and Special Purpose Motors, The Universal motor, Introduction to single phase induction motor, Starting single phase induction motors, Split phase windings, Capacitor start motor, Permanent split capacitor motor, Capacitor start and capacitor run motors, Shaded pole motors, Reluctance motors, the Hysteresis motor.

Basic Electrical Installations; Distribution system, regulations - IEE, NEC, Nigeria standards; Illumination, Cables - types, ratings, wirings system, earth protection; Auxilliary electrical systems - fire alarm, telephone, elevator circuits, proposals, contract document preparation; Design of electrical installations - domestic, industrial, commercial air conditioning.

Review of Vector Algebra and Calculus: Scalar product and vector product, coordinate systems, gradient, curl, divergence operations. Static electric field: Coulomb’s law and Electric Field. Gauss’ law and Divergence of Electric Flux Density. Work, Potential, Potential Gradient and Energy in Electrostatic Field. Current and Current Density, Conductor, Dielectrics, Boundary Conditions, Capacitance. Laplace’s and Poisson’s Equations. Steady-state magnetic field: Steady Magnetic Field. Biot-Savart Law. Ampere’s Law. Curl of H, Stoke’s Theorem. Magnetic Boundary Conditions. Magnetic Material and Boundary Conditions. Magnetic Flux Density. Vector Magnetic Potential. Inductance. Time varying fields: Faraday’s Law. Displacement Current Density. Maxwell’s Equations in Differential and Integral Form. Retarded Potential. Propagation: Plane Wave in Free Space. Perfect Dielectric. Lossy Dielectrics. Good Conductors. Loss Tangent and Skin Effect. Poynting Theorem. Power Density. Polarization of Plane Wave. Reflection: Reflection from perfect conductors. Refection from perfect dielectrics. 500 Level

Review of Vector Algebra and Calculus: Scalar product and vector product, coordinate systems, gradient, curl, divergence operations. Static electric field: Coulomb’s law and Electric Field. Gauss’ law and Divergence of Electric Flux Density. Work, Potential, Potential Gradient and Energy in Electrostatic Field. Current and Current Density, Conductor, Dielectrics, Boundary Conditions, Capacitance. Laplace’s and Poisson’s Equations. Steady-state magnetic field: Steady Magnetic Field. Biot-Savart Law. Ampere’s Law. Curl of H, Stoke’s Theorem. Magnetic Boundary Conditions. Magnetic Material and Boundary Conditions. Magnetic Flux Density. Vector Magnetic Potential. Inductance. Time varying fields: Faraday’s Law. Displacement Current Density. Maxwell’s Equations in Differential and Integral Form. Retarded Potential. Propagation: Plane Wave in Free Space. Perfect Dielectric. Lossy Dielectrics. Good Conductors. Loss Tangent and Skin Effect. Poynting Theorem. Power Density. Polarization of Plane Wave. Reflection: Reflection from perfect conductors. Refection from perfect dielectrics.