CCMAS Course Search

Drugs used in endocrine disorders. Physiology of neuroendocrine hormonal regulation, specifically the regulation and function of the hypothalamus pituitary growth hormone axis. Hypothalamus pituitary reproductive axis. Hypothalamus pituitary prolactin axis. Adenohypophysis hormones and related substances, anterior and posterior pituitary hormones, ACTH, growth hormone, prolactin, thyrotropin, gonadotropic hormones. Use of specific neuroendocrine drugs in the treatment of growth hormone deficiency (recombinant HGH, somatropin, synthetic GHRH, sermorelin, recombinant IGF-1). Growth hormone excess (octreotide, Pegvisomant). Infertility (HCG, menotropins, urofollitropin, follitropin, synthetic GHRH and analogues, Gosselin, GnRH antagonists, ganirelix) and Hyperprolactinaemia (dopamine receptor antagonists, bromocriptine). Indications, mechanism of action, adverse effects, contraindications and therapeutic considerations for the major neuroendocrine hormones and pharmacological drugs. Adrenocortical steroids. Role of ACTH and HPA axis in regulation of corticosteroid synthesis. Principal physiological responses to both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, especially role of cortisol and exogenous glucocorticoids in negative feedback suppression of the HPA axis. Use of synthetic glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid drugs in treatment of adrenal insufficiency and congenital adrenal hyperplasia; therapeutic uses of adrenocorticosteroid in non-endocrine disease, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation and cancer. Pharmacology of adrenocorticosteroids synthetic analogues (hydrocortisone, cortisone, prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone) and inhibitors (metyrapone, aminoglutethimide.). Diabetes mellitus pathophysiology, type I and II, fundamental differences in types, diagnostic criteria and therapeutic goals. Pharmacological differences between the various insulin formulations, especially in their duration of action (rapid-regular- intermediate- and long-acting insulins), specifically which insulin types are used to control post-prandial glucose levels versus fasting glucose levels. Use and clinical benefits of an intensive insulin therapy regimen in type I diabetes. Indications, mechanism of action, clinical effects, adverse effects and contraindications of drugs used in management of type II diabetes. Sulphonylureas, biguanides, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones, alpha- glucosidase inhibitors, modulators of incretin pathway, pramlintide, glucagon, insulin, understanding which drugs used for treatment of type II primarily affect either post-prandial or fasting glucose levels. Concept of combination therapy with oral drugs, as well as potential use of insulin therapy in type II. Current treatment algorithm approved by the American Diabetes Association for type II diabetes. Effectiveness of tight glycaemic control in prevention of macro- and microvascular complications; treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. Thyroid and Anti-thyroid Drugs. Role of thyroid hormone in regulating development, metabolism and calorigenesis. Steps in synthesis of tetraiodothyronine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), endocrine regulation of T3 and T4 production and feedback loops, physiological role of T3 and T4 and changes associated with hypo- and hyperthyroidism. Thyroid hormone preparations. Thyroid hormone antagonists, thioamides, propylthiouracil, methimazole, carbimazole, thiocyanate, ionic inhibitors, perchlorate, Iodine, other drugs, propranolol and hydrocortisone. Gonadal hormones, oestrogens and progestins, physiological actions, pharmacological effects, clinical uses (contraception and hormonal replacement therapy in menopause), adverse effects and contraindications, pharmacological actions and clinical uses of selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). Androgens, physiological actions, pharmacological effects, clinical uses, adverse effects and contraindications of androgens (testosterone, 234 dihydrotestosterone, methyltestosterone) and their antagonists (finasteride, flutamide, spironolactone).

Drugs used in endocrine disorders. Physiology of neuroendocrine hormonal regulation, specifically the regulation and function of the hypothalamus pituitary growth hormone axis. Hypothalamus pituitary reproductive axis. Hypothalamus pituitary prolactin axis. Adenohypophysis hormones and related substances, anterior and posterior pituitary hormones, ACTH, growth hormone, prolactin, thyrotropin, gonadotropic hormones. Use of specific neuroendocrine drugs in the treatment of growth hormone deficiency (recombinant HGH, somatropin, synthetic GHRH, sermorelin, recombinant IGF-1). Growth hormone excess (octreotide, Pegvisomant). Infertility (HCG, menotropins, urofollitropin, follitropin, synthetic GHRH and analogues, Gosselin, GnRH antagonists, ganirelix) and Hyperprolactinaemia (dopamine receptor antagonists, bromocriptine). Indications, mechanism of action, adverse effects, contraindications and therapeutic considerations for the major neuroendocrine hormones and pharmacological drugs. Adrenocortical steroids. Role of ACTH and HPA axis in regulation of corticosteroid synthesis. Principal physiological responses to both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, especially role of cortisol and exogenous glucocorticoids in negative 102 feedback suppression of the HPA axis. Use of synthetic glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid drugs in treatment of adrenal insufficiency and congenital adrenal hyperplasia; therapeutic uses of adrenocorticosteroid in non-endocrine disease, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation and cancer. Pharmacology of adrenocorticosteroids synthetic analogues (hydrocortisone, cortisone, prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone) and inhibitors (metyrapone, aminoglutethimide). Diabetes mellitus pathophysiology, type I and II, fundamental differences in types, diagnostic criteria and therapeutic goals. Pharmacological differences between the various insulin formulations, especially in their duration of action (rapid-regular- intermediate- and long-acting insulins), specifically which insulin types are used to control post-prandial glucose levels versus fasting glucose levels. Use and clinical benefits of an intensive insulin therapy regimen in type I diabetes. Indications, mechanism of action, clinical effects, adverse effects and contraindications of drugs used in management of type II diabetes. Sulphonylureas, biguanides, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones, alpha- glucosidase inhibitors, modulators of incretin pathway, pramlintide, glucagon, insulin, understanding which drugs used for treatment of type II primarily affect either post-prandial or fasting glucose levels. Concept of combination therapy with oral drugs, as well as potential use of insulin therapy in type II. Current treatment algorithm approved by the American Diabetes Association for type II diabetes. Effectiveness of tight glycaemic control in prevention of macro- and microvascular complications; treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. Thyroid and Anti-thyroid Drugs. Role of thyroid hormone in regulating development, metabolism and calorigenesis. Steps in synthesis of tetraiodothyronine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), endocrine regulation of T3 and T4 production and feedback loops, physiological role of T3 and T4 and changes associated with hypo- and hyperthyroidism. Thyroid hormone preparations. Thyroid hormone antagonists, thioamides, propylthiouracil, methimazole, carbimazole, thiocyanate, ionic inhibitors, perchlorate, Iodine, other drugs, propranolol and hydrocortisone. Gonadal hormones, oestrogens and progestins, physiological actions, pharmacological effects, clinical uses (contraception and hormonal replacement therapy in menopause), adverse effects and contraindications, pharmacological actions and clinical uses of selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). Androgens, physiological actions, pharmacological effects, clinical uses, adverse effects and contraindications of androgens (testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, methyltestosterone) and their antagonists (finasteride, flutamide, spironolactone).

Basic human endocrine systems, their general functions, modes of action, regulation and transport. Metabolic disturbances related to dietary deficiencies and excesses.

Endocrine system. Introduction and neuroendocrine relationship. Hypothalamo-pituitary axis, Endocrine glands, normal, hypo- and hyper-functions. Other hormones of some clinical importance. Physiologic anatomy of male and female reproductive system. Male and female sex hormones. Cyclicity of hormone secretion in females. Physiology of contraception. Assisted fertility techniques.

Endocrine system. Introduction and neuroendocrine relationship. Hypothalamo-pituitary axis, Endocrine glands, normal, hypo- and hyper-functions. Other hormones of some clinical importance. Physiologic anatomy of male and female reproductive system. Male and female sex hormones. Cyclicity of hormone secretion in females. Physiology of contraception. Assisted fertility techniques.

Central control of reproduction; reproductive endocrinology; reproductive cycles; folliculogenesis; spermatogenesis; prostate physiology; gamete physiology; gamete transport; coitus; fertilisation; sex determination and differentiation; embryonic development; implantation; placentation; pregnancy; maternal recognition of pregnancy; parturition; Prenatal foetal physiology and adaptation for survival in the periparturient period; Postpartum physiology; uterine involution and resumption of cyclicity

Materials and steps in root canal treatment. The access cavity. Instrumentation. Working length determination. Obturation. Restoration of endodontically treated teeth. Endodontic surgery. Endodontic considerations for deciduous and immature permanent teeth. 249

Energy and power, demand, principles and outlook: The cost of transformation of energy. Thermal pollution, electrical energy from fossil fuels. Hydroelectric power generation. Cost, capacity, storage, reserves, efficiency and environmental effects of these. Electrical energy from nuclear reactors. Prospects for the future through the promise (and problems) of breeder reactors, fusion power, solar power, geothermal, tidal and wind power among others. 400 level

This course explores the theoretical and empirical perspectives on individual and industrial demand for energy, energy supply, energy markets, and public policies affecting energy markets. It discusses aspects of the oil, natural gas, electricity, and nuclear power sectors and examines energy tax, price regulation, deregulation, energy efficiency and policies for controlling emission. Minimum Academic Standards Equipment S/N Description of Equipment Remarks Basic Electrical Engineering Laboratory 1 Tubular fluorescent lamp set 2 Energy metre 3 Single phase induction motor Or Equivalent 4 Transformer 5 Load box, single phase resistive 6 Drilling machine Electrical Circuit Network and Device Laboratory 1 Network theorem kit Or Equivalent 2 Maximum power transfer thm. Kit 3 Transient response kit 4 Low pass filter kit 5 High pass filters kit 6 Thevenins theorem kit 7 Superposition theorem kit 8 Ramson’s make dc power supply Electrical and Electronics Measurement Laboratory 1 Owens bridge 2 Anderson bridge 3 Desauty bridge Or Equivalent 4 Maxwell bridge 5 Schering bridge 6 B -H curve kit Electrical Machine Laboratory 1 D.C. shunt motor and exciter 2 3φ Alternator 3 3φ Synchronous motor 4 3φ Squirrel cage induction motor 5 3φ slip ring induction motor 6 1φ Alternator 7 D.C Generator (series, shunt, compound) 8 3φ Sq. Cage induction motor 9 D.C compound motor Or Equivalent 10 3φ Auto transformer 1φ capacitor start capacitor run induction motor (Crompton 11 greaves) 12 1φ, split phase induction motor 13 1φ repulsion motor 14 1φ shaded pole induction motor Universal motor (ac/dc) 15 Control and Instrumentation Laboratory 1 Linear Variable Differential Transformer MODULE KIT Or Equivalent 2 Temperature measurement trainer kit 3 Strain measurement trainer kit 4 Process control simulator 5 temperature control system 6 Synchros transmitter and receiver trainer kit Machine Design and Simulation Laboratory 1 Computer set (Workstation) Or Equivalent Power Electronics / Electrical Drives Laboratory 1 Chopper / inverter PWM Controller Or Equivalent 2 3Ph. Converter firing unit 3 SCR pulse controller with 3Ph. SCR module 4 Intelligent power module 5 Smart power module with chopper/ inverter PMW controller 6 fully controlled converter power circuit 7 3Ph. isolation transformer 8 Series inverter kit 9 Cosine law triggering of ac/dc converter 10 3Ph. IGBT based PWM inverter 11 Chopper inverter 12 1Ph. capacitor start motor 13 DC shunt motor 14 3 Ph. induction motor with GEP sensor 15 3Ph. slip ring induction motor 16 1Ph. isolation transformer 17 3Ph. diode bridge trainer kit 18 TRIAC voltage control kit Power System Laboratory 1 Idmtover current relay of earth fault testing kit Or Equivalent 2 Microprocessor based over/under voltage relay with testing kit 3 Percentage biased differential relay with testing kit 4 High voltage oil testing kit 5 Single phase transmission line kit High Voltage Laboratory 1 Impulse generator with voltage divider Or Equivalent 2 Lightning impulse setup (can be used for universal purposes) 3 Cascaded transformers 4 Digital partial discharge detectors 5 Capacitance and loss angle measuring bridge Modules (capacitors, resistors, spark gaps, rectifiers, pressure 6 vessels etc.) 7 Dielectric frequency response analyser 8 RTDS (Real Time Digital Simulator) Omicron CMC 356 and 256 with GPS synchronisation 9 (universal testing solutions) 10 Omicron Dirana (Insulation Diagnosis) 11 Omicron CPC 100, with current boost up to 2000A 12 Portable impulse generator Voltage and current probes, including Rogowski current 13 probes Tektronix oscilloscopes 4054 B, 2014 and TBS 2000 14 Differential and distance relays that can be used to test different protection strategies. Microprocessor Laboratory 1 8051 Based MC Trainer Kit Or Equivalent 2 DC Motor Speed Measurement and Control 3 EPROM Programmer 4 Logic Controller Interface 5 Thyristor SCR Trainer Pulse Generator 6 89C51 CPU Card 7 80196 CPU Card 8 ADUC 812 CPU card 9 C-Cross Compiler for 8051 10 PC Keyboard and LCD Display Card 11 Measurement Card 12 Relay Card Renewable Energy Laboratory 1 Alternative Renewable Energy Trainer (RENY0001) Or Equivalent 2 Photovoltaic Solar Energy Unit Trainer (RENY0004) 3 Fuel Cell Teaching Experiment Platform 4 Portable Solar Power Experiment Box 5 Power Battery Management System Test Bench 6 Portable Solar Power Experiment Box 7 Power Battery Management System Test Bench 8 Solar PV modules with stand 9 Solar Stand (Tilting) Channel Data logger system with the following Sensors: 10 Anemometer Sensor; Silicon Type pyranometer sensor; Surface temperature sensor. Electrical Workshop 1 Transformer Oil Testing Kit Or Equivalent 2 3 Phase Induction Motor (Winding Study) 3 Coil Winding Machine 4 Megger Metre 5 Hand Operated Crimping Tool 6 Single Phase Induction Motor 7 Cathode Ray Oscilloscope 8 Cable Fault Locator 9 Power Drilling Machine 10 Wattmeters and Energymeters 11 Galvanometers and Voltmeters 12 Ammeters and Multimeters 13 Function Generators 14 Soldering iron Staffing Academic Staff The NUC guidelines on staff/student ratio of 1:15 for Engineering and Technology departments shall apply. However, there should be a minimum of six full-time equivalents of Staff in the department. There is need to have a reasonable number of Staff with doctoral degrees as well as sufficient industrial experience. With a minimum load of 15 Units per semester for students and a minimum of six full-time equivalent of staff in each programme, staff should have a maximum of 15 contact hours per week for lectures, tutorials, practical’s and supervision of projects. NUC requirement encourages all academic staff to have PhD degrees; hence appointment of academic staff is preferably to the Lecturer cadre. Only in exceptional cases are candidates with great promise appointed to Graduate Assistant and Assistant Lecturer positions for the purpose of being developed to the Lecturer cadre as registered PhD candidates. Academic Support Personnel Teaching Assistant/Demonstrators to help lecturers in the conduct of tutorials, practical’s and field work. This category of personnel is not expected to be regular staff as they are to be paid on the basis of approved hourly rate. Administrative Support Staff The services of the administrative support staff are indispensable in the proper administration of the departments and faculty offices. It is important to recruit very competent senior staff that are computer literate. Technical Support Personnel The services of technical support staff, which are indispensable in the proper running of laboratories and workshop/studios are required. It is important to recruit very competent senior technical staff to maintain teaching and research equipment. They are also to undergo regular training to keep them abreast of developments in equipment operation and maintenance. The minimum of academic staff to technical staff ratio of 5:1 should be maintained. Minimum Number of Staff Subject to the general standards specified by NUC: 1. there should be a minimum of two PhDs and four M.Eng degree holders full-time academic staff to mount the programme; 2. each workshop or laboratory should have an adequate number of staff with the right mix, such that each unit or section in that workshop or laboratory can run efficiently; and 3. there should be an adequate number of administrative staff of the appropriate caliber for the office of the Head of Department to run. Student/Staff Ratio The minimum staff-to-student ratio should be 1:15 from 200 level to 500 level. Library In addition to the university and faculty libraries, the programme must have a departmental library that is well equipped with specialised books and journals in both physical collections and E-collections (E-Resources) of various types. Various field and research reports of the programme must also be available in the library for staff, students and researchers. The library must be connected to subscribed repository of: 1. Institutions (national and international) 2. Open access sources 3. Professional Bodies’ e-learning platforms 4. Relevant international organisations The library must also have adequate facilities for the following: 1. Reading 2. Provisions for lending 3. Reservation unit for specialised materials Classrooms, Laboratories, Workshops, Clinics and Offices The NUC recommends the following physical space requirement: Academic m2 Professor’s Office 18.50 Head of Department’s Office 18.50 Tutorial Teaching Staff Space 13.50 Other Teaching Staff Space 7.00 Technical Staff Space 7.00 Science Staff Research Laboratory 16.50 Engineering Staff Research Laboratory 14.50 Seminar Space per student 1.85 Drawing Office Space (A.O. Board) (Per Student) 4.60 Drawing Office Space (A.I. Board) (Per Student) 3.70 Laboratory Space 7.50 Non-Academic Secretarial Space 7.00 Office Facilities S/No Office No in Room Facilities 1. HOD 1 Table, chairs, A/C, filing cabinet, bookshelves, computer unit, Secretary and facilities. 2. Professor 1 Table, chairs, A/C, filing cabinet, bookshelves, computer unit, Secretary and facilities. 3. Reader 1 Table, chairs, A/C, filing cabinet, bookshelves, computer unit. 4. Senior 1 Table, chairs, A/C, filing cabinet, bookshelves, Lecturer computer unit. 5. Lecturer I 2 Table, chairs, fan, filing cabinet, bookshelves. 6. Lecturer II 3 Table, chairs, fan, filing cabinet, bookshelves

History, evolution and philosophy of science. engineering and technology. The engineering profession – engineering family (engineers, technologists, technicians and craftsmen), professional bodies and societies. Engineers' code of conduct and ethics, and engineering literacy. Sustainable development goals (SDGs), innovation, infrastructures and nation building - economy, politics, business. Safety and risk analysis in engineering practice. Engineering competency skills – curriculum overview, technical, soft and digital skills. Guest seminars and invited lectures from different engineering professional associations.