CCMAS Course Search

History of computer. Functional components of computer. Characteristics of computer. Problem solving. Flow chart. Algorithms computer. Programming, statements, symbolic names, array, subscripts, exposition and control statement. Introduction to basic programming languages, computer application. Introduction to Basic Programming. Data types, constants and variables. Statement types, Assignment types, Input-output Statements. Control Statements. Data Base Management Systems. Creation, access and storage in files. Practical posting to computer centres.

Anatomy of lids, conjunctiva, cornea, lacrimal system. Tear production and drainage. Common causes of red eye. Symptoms associated with red eye. Steps to differentiate red eye and how to interpret findings. Eye lid diseases. Malpositions (ptosis, ectropion, entropion, retraction, lagophthalmos). Inflammations (chalazion, blepharitis). Infections (Hordeolum, orbital cellulitis). Nasolacrimal duct obstruction. 139

Physiology of the skin and appendages. Histochemistry of the skin. Superficial and deep fungal infection, bacterial infection of the skin including parasitic infection of the skin. Papulo- squamous skin disease. Connective tissue diseases. Common sebaceous gland diseases, Common non-infectious diseases of the hair. Dermatitis. Contact eczema. Toxic dermatitis. Dyshidrotic eczema. Viral infection of the skin, sexually transmitted diseases (including AIDS). Pigmentary skin disorders, external manifestation of systemic diseases. Management of skin disease in the community. Taking of skin scraping, staining slide for fungus identification, planting of scraping and swabs from the skin for culture, skin-snip for filarial diagnosis, read slides for fungal infection and other common parasitic infections of the skin. Take urethral and vaginal swabs correctly for microscopic and culture examination. Take skin biopsies correctly and preserve for histopathology.

Clinical evaluation, ward rounds and calls according to the contents of DER 601 in first semester.

Introduction into the role of statistics in human biology and medicine. Collection and organisation of data, and scales of measurement. Presentation of data. Measures of central tendency and location (mean, median, mode, normal curve, skewed curve). Measures of variability (dispersion) and standard deviation (SD) standard error (SE). Probability theory and binomial distribution. Introduction of students to t-test, z-test, chi-square test. The statistical significance of a difference. Association, correlation and linear regression. Estimating population values. Planning of health survey. Design and interpretation of clinical trials.

Evaluation of central nervous system (CNS) infections. Acute bacterial meningitis. Tuberculous meningitis. Cerebral palsy and mental retardation. Cerebral palsy, definition aetiology, classification, clinical features, management, prognosis. Mental retardation, definition, prevalence, aetiology, predisposing factors, clinical presentation, risk of recurrence, prevention. Convulsions and seizure disorder, febrile seizure. Epilepsies, complications, management, prognosis. Coma definition, pathophysiology, grading of coma, Glasgow coma scale, diagnostic approach, investigations, treatment. Headaches in children, introduction, history taking, types of headache, migraine, tension. Intracranial hypertension. Investigation, treatment, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, variation in intelligence. Overview of common aetiologic agents of CNS Infections bacterial, viral, others. Pathology/pathophysiology of CNS infections. Clinical features attributed to CNS infections, differential diagnosis. Evaluation/investigation of suspected CNS infection indications/contra indications to lumbar puncture. Complications, treatment/prognosis. Diseases of neuromuscular system. Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis, brief anatomy and physiology, definition of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis, pathophysiology of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis, aetiology of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis, clinical features of osteomyelitis and 132 septic arthritis, investigations, differential diagnosis, management, complications, outcome and prognosis. Orthopaedic problems in children.

Evaluation of haematopoietic system (HS). Definition of haematopoietic system. The components of HS (blood cells, the bone marrow, and lymphoid organs). Development of HS. Evaluation of child with haematologic disorders. Anaemia in children. General approach to anaemia. Introduction. Definition of anaemia. Patient characteristics-age of patient-sex-race and ethnicity. Evaluation-history-physical examination. Laboratory evaluation-complete blood count-haemoglobin and haematocrit-RBC indices-white blood count and platelet count-blood smear reticulocyte count. Haemoglobin electrophoresis, classification of anaemia, microcytic anaemia, normocytic anaemia, macrocytic anaemia, reticulocyte response. Confirmatory testing. Sickle cell disease and other haemoglobinopathies basic concept of SCD, definition, epidemiology. Pathogenesis/pathophysiology. Factors enhancing sickling. Haplotype. Sickle cell crises, vaso-occlusive pain episode, acute chest syndrome, stroke, hyper-haemolytic crisis, aplastic crisis, sequestration crisis, priapism, osteomyelitis, avascular necrosis, sickle cell nephropathy, sickle cell hepatopathy. Thalassemia, definition, epidemiology, pathogenesis, classification, diagnosis, α-thalassaemia, β-thalassaemia, overview clinical manifestations, early manifestations, skeletal changes, liver and gallbladder, splenomegaly, splenectomy, kidneys, management. Acute leukaemias, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, acute myeloid leukaemia. classification of acute leukaemias integrating, morphology, cytochemistry, cytogenetics. Clinical features of acute leukaemia. Principles of induction, consolidation and maintenance cytotoxic chemotherapy, including attendant side effects. Outcomes of leukaemia according to classification, prognostic indices. Bleeding disorders, coagulation, mechanism of clotting, evaluation of abnormal coagulation tests, inherited coagulation disorders. Haemophilia a, haemophilia b, Von-Willebrand disease. Introduction. Definitions. Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, age at first bleeding, initial site of bleeding, intracranial bleeding, joints and muscle, epistaxis, oral, gastrointestinal bleeding, laboratory evaluation. Haemophilic arthropathy, development of inhibitors, diagnostic evaluation, patient and family history. Laboratory testing, screening tests, factor activity levels, genetic testing. 133

Elementary set theory, subsets, union, intersection, complements, Venn diagrams. Real numbers, integers, rational and irrational numbers, mathematical induction, real sequences and series, theory of quadratic equations, binomial theorem. Complex numbers, algebra of complex numbers, the Argand diagram. De-Moivre’s theorem, nth roots of unity. Circular measure, trigonometric functions of angles of any magnitude, addition and factor formulae.

Function of a real variable, graphs, limits and idea of continuity. The derivative, as limit of rate of change. Techniques of differentiation. Extreme curve sketching, integration as an inverse of differentiation. Methods of integration and definite integrals. Application to areas and volumes.

Ambiguous genitalia/disorders of sexual differentiation and maturity. Definition of DSD. Types of DSD. Clinical features. Investigations. Management. Thyroid disorders. Types, Metabolism and Sources of vitamin D. Action of vitamin D. Definition of vitamin D deficiency. Aetiology of vitamin D deficiency. Effects of vitamin D deficiency. Diabetes mellitus. Definition of diabetes mellitus, types of diabetes mellitus, clinical history and examination that suggest a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Risk factors for developing type 1 and 2 diabetes. Diagnoses of diabetes mellitus. Order appropriate confirmatory diagnostic serum and urine tests for 118 diabetes mellitus. Insulin preparations. Treatment regimens for patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes. Definition of diabetic ketoacidosis. Diagnosis of ketoacidosis. Laboratory investigations for ketoacidosis. Treatment of ketoacidosis. Complications of diabetes mellitus. Plan for monitoring patients with diabetes. Metabolic Rickets and vitamin D disorders. Normal thyroid gland physiology. Functions of thyroid hormone. Different types of thyroid disorders. Clinical features of thyroid disorders. Work up of thyroid disorders. Management.