Diseases of Central Nervous System, Muscles and Bones

At the end of this course, students should be able to: 1. describe common aetiologies of CNS infections and list the symptoms and signs attributed to CNS infections; 2. list signs of meningeal irritation and list differential diagnosis; 3. assess suspected CNS infections; 4. list indications and contraindications to lumbar puncture; 5. enumerate complications of CNS infection and management of CNS infections; 6. describe the anatomy and physiology; 7. define osteomyelitis and septic arthritis; 8. discuss the pathophysiology of osteomyelitis/septic arthritis and describe the aetiology of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis; 9. enumerate the clinical features of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis; 10. describe the management; and 11. list the complications, outcome and prognosis.

Evaluation of central nervous system (CNS) infections. Acute bacterial meningitis. Tuberculous meningitis. Cerebral palsy and mental retardation. Cerebral palsy, definition aetiology, classification, clinical features, management, prognosis. Mental retardation, definition, prevalence, aetiology, predisposing factors, clinical presentation, risk of recurrence, prevention. Convulsions and seizure disorder, febrile seizure. Epilepsies, complications, management, prognosis. Coma definition, pathophysiology, grading of coma, Glasgow coma scale, diagnostic approach, investigations, treatment. Headaches in children, introduction, history taking, types of headache, migraine, tension. Intracranial hypertension. Investigation, treatment, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, variation in intelligence. Overview of common aetiologic agents of CNS Infections bacterial, viral, others. Pathology/pathophysiology of CNS infections. Clinical features attributed to CNS infections, differential diagnosis. Evaluation/investigation of suspected CNS infection indications/contra indications to lumbar puncture. Complications, treatment/prognosis. Diseases of neuromuscular system. Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis, brief anatomy and physiology, definition of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis, pathophysiology of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis, aetiology of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis, clinical features of osteomyelitis and 132 septic arthritis, investigations, differential diagnosis, management, complications, outcome and prognosis. Orthopaedic problems in children.