CCMAS Course Search

Introduction and overview of radiological sciences. Definition of radiology. Classification of radiology into diagnostic and interventional radiology. Introduction of the imaging equipment used in radiologic practice, X-ray machines, fluoroscopy machines, CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound scan machines, mammography machines, positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography. The descriptive terminologies used in radiologic practice in ultrasound scan, hypo echogenicity, plain radiography and fluoroscopy, radionuclide imaging. Basic reactions and management of the different types of adverse reactions from the use of contrast media in radiologic practice. The radiology request form, how to properly fill a radiology request form. Overview of Chest radiology. Relative values of and indications for radiography and CT in chest imaging. Imaging patterns in chest radiology including consolidations, nodules, hyperlucencies, hyperinflation, opacification. Imaging appearance of pulmonary infections such as TB, pneumonia and opportunistic infections related to HIV/AIDS. Typical chest radiography appearances and common causes of pleural effusion, lung abscess, lung collapse, pneumothorax and tension pneumothorax. Typical imaging appearances of bronchogenic carcinoma and pulmonary metastases on radiographs and CT scan. Imaging signs of pulmonary embolism. Imaging features of chest trauma. Uro-genital radiology. Imaging modalities for evaluation of uro-genital disorders, these includes plain radiography (KUB), ultrasonography, intravenous urography (IVU), micturating cysto-urethrography (MCUG), retrograde urethrography (RUG), CT urography, Hysterosalphingography (HSG), Vasography, Flush genito-graphy. Relative values of and indications for radiography, ultrasonography, CT and MRI in urogenital radiology. Contrast medium management in renal failure. Imaging features of the most common diseases of the kidneys and of the urinary tract which include both congenital and acquired, benign and malignant, infections/infestations, pyelonephritis, renal abscess, schistosomiasis, uro-genital TB. Imaging features of some common congenital urological anomalies, posterior urethral valves, congenital hydronephrosis, renal agenesis, different types of ectopic kidneys, ureterocoeles. Benign renal lesions, simple renal cysts, polycystic kidney diseases, classifications of the different types of renal cystic disorders. Imaging features of common rental and bladder tumours as are seen on the contrast studies, CT scan, Ultrasound scan, MRI. Imaging features of trauma to the uro-genital systems especially trauma to the kidneys 136 and the urinary bladder. Imaging features of the most common pathologies of the prostate, urinary bladder, urethra (urethral strictures), seminal vesicles and testes- ranging from infections/infestations to tumours, benign and malignant. Introduction to interventional procedures in uro-genital radiology such as percutaneous nephrostomy. Nephrolithotomy. Ureteral stenting. Balloon dilatation of ureteral stricture. Lithotripsy. Extra corporeal wave lithotripsy (ECWL). Ultrasound guided drainage of renal cystic lesions including abscesses. CT/MRI guided biopsies. Paediatric radiology. Radiology in obstetrics. Gynaecology and women imaging. Cardio-vascular radiology. Abdominal radiology. Interventional radiology. Musculo-skeletal radiology. Neuro-radiology and ENT radiology.

Anatomy of lens, intraocular location of lens behind the iris, optical clarity of normal lens, suspension of normal lens in retroiridic position by zonules. Proptosis, definition, causes of proptosis in adults and children. Cataract, definition, classification, epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, management of cataract. Physiology of accommodation. Presbyopia.

Introduction to lipids, classification, chemistry and function of lipids. Digestion and absorption of lipids in the bloodstream. The lipoproteins.

Climate change. Seasonal changes. Effect of environment on human health/diseases. Man’s interaction with environment, adaptation process, balance and change. Human change processes, natural and planned.

Maternal and child health (MCH). Concept of family health. Family structures and patterns. Components and objectives of family health. Factors influencing family health status, objectives and components of MCH services. Integration of MCH and family health services for rural and urban communities. Monitoring and evaluation of family health services, the common causes of morbidity and mortality among women and children in different age groups in developing countries (malaria in pregnancy, abortion harmful traditional practices). The role of traditional birth attendants (TBAS), roles of international health agencies in MCH development. School health programme, prenatal and safe motherhood, natural immunisation programme. Reproductive health education, sexual and reproductive rights, important conferences in reproductive health, adolescent reproductive health, critical appraisal of contraceptive methods, epidemiology and prevention of STIs, HIV and reproductive tract cancers, HPV immunisation programme.

Practical bacteriology. Basic safety procedures in the microbiology laboratory. Staining techniques. Gram’s reaction, Ziehl-Nielsen reaction and spore staining reaction. Use of light microscope. Sterilisation and disinfection techniques. Cultivation of micro-organisms. Biochemicals testing. Slide agglutination tests. Sensitivity testing. MIC 403: Medical Mycology (1 Unit; C: LH 15) Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, students should be able to: 1. define superficial infections; 2. describe subcutaneous infections; 3. define cutaneous infections; 4. explain systemic infections; 5. describe opportunistic infections; 6. demonstrate skin scrapings for the diagnosis of superficial dermatomycoses; 7. identify fungal morphology in microscopy and on Sabouraud’s agar; 8. conduct rapid diagnostic tests; and 9. explain molecular diagnosis, PCR, ELISA. Course Contents Fungal infections, superficial, subcutaneous, cutaneous, systemic, opportunistic. Practical mycology, skin scrapings for the diagnosis of superficial dermatomycoses. Fungal morphology in microscopy and on Sabourauds agar. Rapid diagnostic tests. Molecular diagnosis, PCR, ELISA.

Anaemia in pregnancy. Heart disease in pregnancy. Malaria in pregnancy. Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. Mental disorders in pregnancy and the puerperium. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS in pregnancy, (Pathophysiology). The haemoglobinopathies in pregnancy. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Obesity in pregnancy. Vomiting in pregnancy. Liver diseases in pregnancy. Viral infections in pregnancy. Other medical disorders in pregnancy. Surgical disorders in pregnancy.

Introduction to Medical entomology. Common arthropod vectors of infective agents of medical importance. Practical entomology.

Description and identification of the following Helminthes, Schistosoma spp. Paragonimus westermanii, Fasciolopsis buski, Metagoninus yokogawai, Heterophyes heterophytes, Dicrocoelium hospes, Taenia spp. Echinococcus granulosus, Hymenolepsis nana, Diphylobothrium latun, Ascaris lumricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis, Ancylostoma duodenanale, Necator americanus, Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, Wuchereria bancrofti, Loa, loa, Brugia malayi, Dracunculus medinensis, Onchocerca volvulus, Trichinella spiralis. Practical Helminthology. Wet mounts from stool/urine/sputum. Thin and thick films for identification of microfilaria. Skin snips. Identification of Helminthes from tissue biopsy.

Soil associated parasitic infections. Vector transmitted protozoan infections. Vector transmitted flavid nematode infections. Animal associated parasitic infections (zoonoses). Environmental factors influencing transmission of parasitic infections. Nutrition and parasitic infections. Principles of control of parasitic infections. Indirect diagnostic techniques for parasitic infections. Introduction to molecular aspects of medical parasitology. 91