CCMAS Course Search

Continuation of CHM 107. Additional laboratory experiments, functional group analysis, quantitative analysis using volumetric methods.

Gametogenesis. Cyclic changes in the female genital tract. Fertilization, cleavage, blastocyst, gastrulation and formation of germ layers. Segmentation of mesoderm. Folding of embryo foetal membranes. Umbilical cord and placentation. Development of limbs and teratology. Developmental anomalies and their clinical syndromes.

Blood cell formation and regulation. Erythropoiesis, myelopoiesis, lymphopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. Growth factors in haematopoiesis. Genetic control of haemoglobin synthesis. Sites of haematopoiesis in the foetus and in adult life. Types of prenatal and postnatal haemoglobins. Normal haematological values, red cell count, Hb concentration, Haematocrit. Red cell indices. MCV, MCH, MCHC, correlation with red cell morphology/ morphological classification of anaemia. White cell count, differentials and absolute counts, platelet count. Quantitative blood cell abnormalities, anaemia vs polycythaemia, causes/mechanism/clinical/evaluation. Leucocytosis/leucopaenia causes/mechanism/clinical evaluation. Thrombocytosis Vs thrombocytopaenia, causes/ mechanism/clinical evaluation. Qualitative blood cell Abnormalities. Revise normal structure and functions of red blood cells, leucocytes and platelets. Red cell shape abnormalities. Red cell size abnormalities. Red cell inclusions. White cell nuclear abnormalities. White cell cytoplasmic inclusions and abnormalities. Platelet size abnormalities. Lymphadenopathy-causes/characterization/clinical evaluation. Splenomegaly, hypersplenism, hyperreactive, malarial, splenomegaly, causes, characterisation, clinical evaluation. Hyposplenism and splenectomy. Causes, characterisation, clinical, evaluation. Causes of functional asplenia/hyposplenism and surgical splenectomy. Precautions and treatment. 400 Level

Iron sources, absorption, transportation, storage and metabolism. Deficiency anaemia. Iron overload, haemosiderosis/haemochromatosis. Megaloblastic anaemias. Sources, absorption, transportation and storage of folates and vitamin B12. Folate deficiency. Vitamin B12 deficiency, clinical features, laboratory findings, diagnosis and treatment. Aplastic anaemia, myelopathic anaemia and leucoerythroblastic anaemia. Anaemia of chronic diseases. Chronic infections. Chronic inflammation. Clinical and laboratory features. Differential diagnoses. General aspects of haemolytic anaemias. Definition, types. Intravascular and extravascular haemolysis and their clinical and biochemical features. Inherited vs acquired. Haemoglobinopathies. Sickle cell diseases, thalassemia, genetic counselling, antenatal diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies. Red cell membranopathies, Spherocytosis, elliptocytosis, stomatocytosis. Others. Red cell enzymopathies. G6PD deficiency, pyruvate kinase deficiency. Acquired haemolytic anaemias, auto immune. Warm/cold. Microangiopathy. Mechanical contact anaemia. Red cell infections-malaria.

Introduction to medical mycology. Nature and classification of medically important fungi. Mode of reproduction of fungi.

Taxonomy of parasites. Historical development of medical protozoology. Development of medical helminthology. Classification of Helminthes. General properties of Helminthes.

Introduction, basic definitions, aetiology of disease. Cell injury, cellular adaptation, cell death (necrosis and apoptosis). Free radicals. Ischemic cell injury. Cutaneous wound healing and repair. Inflammation, definition and causes of acute inflammation. Vascular and cellular events in acute inflammation. Mediators of acute inflammation (vaso-active amines, plasma derived). Serous/fibrinous inflammation, chronic inflammation, granulomatous inflammation. Systemic effects of inflammation. Consequences of deficient/excess inflammation. Genetic disorders, classification (chromosomal, single gene and multifactorial). Chromosomal disorders (Down, Turner, Klinefelter, Edwards syndromes). Single gene disorders (classic and non classic). Mutations and multifactorial disorders. Congenital anomalies, types, aetiology. Teratogenesis.

Immunopathology. Innate and adaptive immunity. Components of immune system (cells, tissues and molecules). Hypersensitivity disorders. Major histocompatibility complex. Mechanism of tolerance. Autoimmunity. Primary immunodeficiencies. AIDS. Amyloidosis. Haemodynamic disorders. Oedema. Embolism. Thrombosis. Shock. Neoplasia. Definition, benign/malignant tumours. Tumour nomenclature, aetiology of tumours. Genes involved in neoplastic process. Familial syndromes. Chemical, radiation and microbial carcinogenesis. Tumour immunity. Effect of tumour on host. Paraneoplastic syndromes. Intracellular accumulations. Pathologic calcification. Intracellular accumulations of protein. Lipids, glycogen and pigments. Infectious diseases. Malaria. Tuberculosis. Leprosy. Schistosomiasis. Syphilis. Amoebiasis. Typhoid. Onchocerciasis.

Space and time, units and dimension, vectors and scalars, differentiation of vectors: displacement, velocity and acceleration, kinematics, Newton laws of motion (Inertial frames, Impulse, force and action at a distance and momentum conservation). Relative motion, application of Newtonian mechanics, equations of motion, conservation principles in physics, conservative forces, conservation of linear momentum, kinetic energy and work, potential energy, system of particles, centre of mass, rotational motion, torque, vector product, moment, rotation of coordinate axes and angular momentum. Polar coordinates, conservation of angular momentum, circular motion, moments of inertia, gyroscopes and precession. Gravitation, Newton’s Law of gravitation, Kepler’s Laws of planetary motion, gravitational potential energy, escape velocity, satellites motion and orbits.

Forces in nature. Electrostatics. Electric charge and its properties. Methods of charging. Coulomb’s law and superposition. Electric field and potential. Gauss’s law. Capacitance. Electric dipoles. Energy in electric fields. Conductors and insulators. Current, voltage and resistance. Ohm’s law and analysis of DC circuits. Magnetic fields. Lorentz force. Biot-Savart and Ampère’s laws. Magnetic dipoles. Dielectrics, energy in magnetic fields. Electromotive force. Electromagnetic induction. Self and mutual inductances. Faraday and Lenz’s laws. Step up and step down transformers. Maxwell's equations. Electromagnetic oscillations and waves. AC voltages and currents applied to inductors. Capacitors, resistance and combinations.