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Continuation of CHM 107. Additional laboratory experiments to include functional group analysis, quantitative analysis using volumetric methods.

Space and time, units and dimension, vectors and scalars, differentiation of vectors: displacement, velocity and acceleration. Kinematics: Newton laws of motion (Inertial frames, Impulse, force and action at a distance, momentum conservation), relative motion. Application of Newtonian mechanics: equations of motion, conservation principles in physics, conservative forces, conservation of linear momentum, kinetic energy and work, potential energy, system of particles, centre of mass. Rotational motion, torque, vector product, moment, rotation of coordinate axes and angular momentum, polar coordinates, conservation of angular momentum; Circular motion. Moments of inertia, gyroscopes and precession. Gravitation: Newton’s Law of gravitation, Kepler’s Laws of planetary motion, gravitational potential energy, escape velocity, satellites motion and orbits.

Forces in nature. Electrostatics (electric charge and its properties, methods of charging). Coulomb’s law and superposition. Electric field and potential. Gauss’s law. Capacitance. Electric dipoles. Energy in electric fields. Conductors and insulators. DC circuits (current, voltage and resistance. Ohm’s law. Resistor combinations. Analysis of DC circuits. Magnetic fields. Lorentz force. Biot-Savart and Ampère’s laws. Magnetic dipoles. Dielectrics. Energy in magnetic fields. Electromotive force. Electromagnetic induction. Self and mutual inductances. Faraday and Lenz’s laws. Step up and step-down transformers. Maxwell's equations. Electromagnetic oscillations and waves. AC voltages and currents applied to inductors, capacitors, and resistance.

This introductory course emphasizes quantitative measurements. Experimental techniques. The treatment of measurement errors. Graphical analysis. The experiments include studies of meters, the oscilloscope, mechanical systems, electrical and mechanical resonant systems, light, heat, viscosity, etc. (covered in PHY 101, 102, 103 and PHY 104). However, emphasis should be placed on the basic physical techniques for observation, measurements, data collection, analysis, and deduction.

This practical course is a continuation of PHY 107 and is intended to be taught during the second semester of the 100 level to cover the practical aspect of the theoretical courses that have been covered with emphasis on quantitative measurements, the treatment of measurement errors, and graphical analysis. However, emphasis should be placed on the basic physical techniques for observation, measurements, data collection, analysis and deduction.

Principles and techniques of histochemistry, commonly used histochemical techniques and their applications in diagnosis and research, tissue components covered will include nucleic acids, mucins and other carbohydrates, pigments and biogenic amines, lipids, proteins and enzymes the nature of amyloid, the occurrence of amyloid and its demonstration in tissue sections, immunocytochemical techniques, tissue preparation, physical and chemical effects of fixation, limitations of chemical fixation and alternatives to chemical fixation, cryotechniques in histochemistry, embedding techniques, special treatment of mineralised tissue, histological staining structure of dyes, binding of dyes to tissues, mechanisms of selective staining, effects of non-staining components of dye solutions on staining, metachromasia, metallic impregnation techniques, cytological techniques, advantages of exfoliative cytology, methods of cell collection and smear preparation, morphology of cells found in normal smears with emphasis on gynaecological and sputum specimens, changes in smears with age and menstrual cycle.

Introduction to histology; Method of study in histology; Cell Membrane, Cellular organelles; Cell dynamics and cell cycle. Cytogenetics. Histochemistry and cytochemistry. Introduction to recombinant DNA; In situ hybridization histochemistry. Cell dynamics and cycle. Basic tissues of the body, the epithelial, connective tissues, muscle and nervous tissue. The microanatomy of the four basic tissues, namely: epithelial tissue, including glandular tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, and nervous tissue. Covering and Lining Epithelia. Glandular Epithelia. Connective tissue. Bone, Bone formation and Joints. Blood. Muscle. Nervous tissue (PNS). Nervous tissue (CNS). Cardiovascular system. Respiratory system. Integumentary system. Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreas. Gastro-intestinal system. Lymphatic tissue and the Immune system. Endocrine system. Urinary system. Female reproductive system. Male reproductive system. Eye.

Fundamental human genetic principles and variation in gene expression in man, classical and molecular genetics including Mendelian inheritance, linkage, nucleic acids, gene expression, recombinant DNA, genomics, immunogenetics, and regulation: patterns of inheritances in families (autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked dominant, X-linked recessive, Y- linked and sex influenced), cytogenetics, types and classification of human chromosomes, methods of preparation of human chromosomes and karyotyping, types of numerical and structural chromosome aberrations and their causes, gene hybridization, human genomic studies.

Brief history of computing. Description of the basic components of a computer/computing device. Input/Output devices and peripherals. Hardware, software and human ware. Diverse and growing computer/digital applications. Information processing and its roles in society. The Internet, its applications and its impact on the world today. The different areas/programs of the computing discipline. The job specializations for computing professionals. The future of computing. Lab Work: Practical demonstration of the basic parts of a computer. Illustration of different operating systems of different computing devices including desktops, laptops, tablets, smart boards and smart phones. Demonstration of commonly used applications such as word processors, spreadsheets, presentation software and graphics. Illustration of input and output devices including printers, scanners, projectors and smartboards. Practical demonstration of the Internet and its various applications. Illustration of browsers and search engines. How to access online resources. 200 Level Courses to be taught at this level should include Basic Medical Sciences courses in Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, as well as GST and Entrepreneurship.

Laboratory sessions on basic physiology experiments, especially those related to the frog sciatic nerve, smooth muscles and blood physiology.