CCMAS Course Search

Classification of ocular disease processes; mechanism of ocular pathology. Disease of eyelid and adnexa. Patho-physiology, detection, diagnosis and management of anterior segment disorders: Tear film, conjunctiva, cornea, episclera and sclera; their signs and symptoms, clinical presentations. Differential diagnosis of anterior segment disorders. Clinical demonstration is included.

Principles of ocular pharmacology and prescription writing. Adrenergic: agonist and antagonist. Cholinergic: agonist and antagonist. Anti-glaucoma drugs. Ocular (topical/local) anesthetics. Choice and administration of diagnostic and prophylactic ophthalmic drugs. Anti-allergic drugs; Anti-inflammatory drugs; Anti-infective preparations. Optometric examinations using diagnostic aids. Examination under drugs: interpretation and allowances. Precautions and adverse effects from use of ophthalmic drugs. Therapeutics Clinical work is included.

The physiology of the eye. Functions of the eyelids, lacrimal apparatus. Conjunctiva sclera, cornea, anterior and posterior chamber, iris lens, ciliary muscle, retina, choroid and optic nerve. Production and drainage of extra and intraocular fluids. Intra ocular pressure. Metabolism. Laboratory work is included.

The history and development of ophthalmic lenses, lens materials and frames. Manufacture of spectacle materials; ophthalmic glass; plastic lenses and frames. Forms of spectacle lenses: spherical, cylindrical; toric or sphero-cylindrical lenses. Single vision lens designs; base curve, surface powers, front vertex power, back vertex power, effective power. Lens neutralization; spherical power; cylindrical power and toric lenses. Transposition. Lensometry. Parts of frames; frame measurements and designs; IPD measurement; Lens and frame specifications; Toric surfaces; centration and decentration; ophthalmic prisms and prismatic effects. Special lenses.

Bifocal and multifocal lenses; base curve and near ADD; types and specifications of bifocal segments; trifocals; absorptive lenses; coats; tints and dyes; optics of contact lenses and low vision devices; impact resistance.

Techniques learned in ophthalmic optics lectures are practiced. Frame and facial measurement. Approach of frame selection, and patient styling. Ophthalmic lens materials, manufacture, surfacing and edging. Mounting of lenses into frames and frame repairs.

Techniques learned in geometrical and physical optics are practiced using optical bench experiments; object-image relationship, with lenses and mirrors. Magnification. Aberration; Effect of prisms on rays. Ray tracing. Optical principles of lensometry.

Knowledge of optometry as an ethically guided profession and its relationship with other associated health-care professions including ophthalmology and opticianary. The function and scope of the optometrist and other vision-care professionals at present and in the future. Legal recognition of optometry and the role of professional organisations; The national code of ethics for Nigeria; Codes of the Nigerian Optometric Association; Optometrists and Dispensing Opticians Registration Board of Nigeria; World Council of Optometry; Association of African Optometric Educators. Road to legal recognition; Code of ethics and in-depth study of the Optometry Practice Law in Nigeria. Scope of modern Optometric practice and survey of its development worldwide. Jurisprudence and Legal requirements in the practice of Optometry: Rules of professional conduct; Basic concept of ethics and ethical issues in the practice of Optometry; The Optometrist in court and the requirements of expert evidence. Concept of developing a personal philosophy of Optometry.

Description of the principles behind the operation of optometric / ophthalmic instruments; Principle of design, basic maintenance and repairs of common Optometric instruments. Advances in Optometry instrumentation.

The scope and various modes of practice; single/solo, partnership, group practice, employed practice in hospitals, government and industry. The development and management of an optometric practice. Office location and layout. The development of inter-and intra-professional relationships. Role and function of key stakeholders including Optometrists and Dispensing Opticians Registration Board of Nigeria and many others. Policy document on unethical business practices.