CCMAS Course Search

Concepts and definition of terms in epidemiology. Purpose of epidemiology. Relationship in epidemiological triad. Epidemiological models and application. Epidemiological study designs and types. Application of epidemiology to communicable and non-communicable diseases. Measuring and interpreting patterns of disease occurrence. Routine sources of data. Communicable diseases (such as diseases of contact and droplets, water and food related,diseases spread by insects and other animals and many others) and their management. Non communicable diseases. HIV and sexually transmitted infections/diseases. Use of Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) Framework. -

Definition ergonomics. The scope of ergonomics in Occupational Therapy. Objectives of Ergonomics. Work simplification and energy saving techniques. Joint protection techniques. Application of ergonomics to various aspects of functional performance: self-care, home-making, school, occupation, and recreation. Application of ergonomic principles to various physical conditions with the following: a.) Physical environment: i. Access, ii. Lighting, iii. Ventilation, iv. Temperature, v. Noise. b.) Organisational environment: i. Work flow ii. Work routine/rest breaks iii. Work hours/overtime iv. Work pressure v. Training vi. Line of responsibility C. Individual factors i. Worker interaction ii. Psychological factors D. Individual workstation/task/job i. Tasks ii. Equipment used iii. Tools used iv. Work posture & movements v. Maximum task time. Principles of universal design in relation to occupational performance and the environment. Overview of the models of occupational therapy that emphasise the importance of environment in occupational performance. Discuss assessments and interventions targeted towards. Architectural barriers and challenges to access, home modification and adaptive equipment such as grab bars, raised toilet seat and many others; Adaptations to the environment that support performance, participation and well-being. Measurement and details of disability friendly work spaces and rooms. Functional capacity evaluation. Accommodation of disability in the context of work environments.

Definition and goal of ergonomics. Simple and complex work systems. Description of human- machine systems – human components, machine components of a work-system and the local environment. Modern work-system and standard format for describing human-machine systems. Some basic body mechanics – stability and support, control of muscle function, fatigue and discomfort, the spine and pelvis as related to posture. Musculoskeletal problems in sitting and standing - back pain, neck pain and many others. Anthropometric principles in workspace and equipment design (structural anthropometric variables). Different types of office chairs. Ergonomic adaptation of machines and general conditions towards achieving maximal efficiency by the worker. Ergonomic advice and occupational health physiotherapy.

Definitions, historical and religious basis of ethnomedicine – The medicine of Avicena, Esculapius and Galen. Key events in the development of modern Pharmacy including examples of important drugs developed from ethnopharmacology (the Calabar bean, South American arrow poison, Coca chewing and opium poppy smoking of the American Indians and many others). Race and cultural influence of traditional medicine, Herbal medicine and orthodox medicine – Homeopath; Naturopaths, Chinese acupuncture African Medicine. Socio-economic, politico-religious and technological influence on drug development and medical practice. Process of drug discovery using ethnopharmacology (information sources, extraction (solvent consideration and process), scientific investigation (tests for biological activity, bioassay, clinical trial). Challenges/issues of drug discovery from natural products (in collection, extraction and preparation, biological variation, loss of species, loss of knowledge, issues of Intellectual Property Rights) and desirability or not of merging orthodox and traditional medical practices. WHO strategy to address the challenges. The African pharmacopoeia.

Key concepts of evidence-based rehabilitation science. Issues relating to diagnosis, prognosis, and intervention. Making clinical decisions that are consistent with evidence in professional literature. Experience in searching the literature by developing clinical questions in a form that is compatible with electronic search engines and learning differences in available electronic data bases. Types of professional writing useful to occupational therapists including: grant proposals, journal articles, books, client education materials, and presentation of proposals and papers. Form and content of a range of technical documents and the processes of writing, peer review and critique.

Definitions of physiology of exercise. Importance of Exercise physiology in human health and functioning. Structure of skeletal muscle. Functions of skeletal muscle. Energy systems and body fuels. Final common pathway of metabolism. Physiological adjustment of body systems to exercise under different conditions. Body response to acute/single bout exercise, exercise and adaptations to chronic exercises. Effects of exercise on body composition.

Mechanics principles: Force, Tension, Mechanics of position (Gravity, base of support, equilibrium, fixation and stabilisation). Mechanics of movement: Axes and planes, scalar and vector quantity. Simple machines (Levers and Pulley). Pendulums, Elasticity. General introduction to movement: Body levers and the force applied to it, types of movement and posture, types of muscle contraction, types of muscle work, range of muscle work, strength of muscle contraction, group action of muscles, pattern of movement, timing of movement, rhythm of movement and the nervous control of movement. Introduction to exercise therapy: definition, aims of treatment by exercise therapy, the techniques of exercise therapy, starting positions. Introduction to breathing exercise (Chest physiotherapy): Localized breathing, general breathing, measurement of chest girth (chest expansion), vital capacity. Approach to patient problems and assessment of patient's conditions.

The theory and principles of application of the different classes of therapeutic exercises: - Passive movements and Active exercises. Specific exercise Regimens (Isotonic exercise Regimen, Isokinetic exercises Regimen, Chest Physiotherapy). Some mechanical variable in exercise prescription (progression of exercises):- Intensity, Maximum Heart Rate (HRmax), Rates of expired exertion, Maximum Oxygen Consumption (V02max), Frequency of exercise, Duration of exercise. Therapeutic Exercises for the treatment of specific neuro-musculoskeletal conditions. Treatment of abdominal surgery (Pre and post op physiotherapy). Routine exercise when plaster of Paris (Cast) is in-situ, Common fractures:- Colle's fractures, Pott's fractures, fracture shaft of femur and many others. General postural correction - Definition of posture, Regulation of posture, Technique of lifting an object/ patient, Correct sitting posture, Correct standing posture, Correct walking posture, Causes of faculty posture, Principle of treatment of faulty postures. Principles of muscle strengthening in health and disease as applied to major muscles of the body. Role of motor unit in muscle strengthening. Use of medicine ball, wobble boards, and Tilt tables. Relaxation techniques. Exercise programme development & design, principles of therapeutic exercise prescription. Individual and group/class exercise therapy.

OPT 598 (Externship and SIWES): The course is for six months (i.e, 500 Level 2nd Semester and Long vacation) covering industrial and clinical attachment and rotation for ophthalmic care, optical laboratory and dispensing experience in solo/group practice, as well as in optometric instrumentation and patient care provided in hospital, or multi-disciplinary health care settings (external to the University) by students under strict supervision of approved supervisors/preceptors. The aim of the course is for student to acquire industrial (clinical) experience under the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) scheme. Complete 24 weeks of 500 Level 2nd semester and immediate long vacation posting under the Students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) utilizing the 6-month Logbook from ITF. Finally, students on returning to the institution will present a seminar on major duties performed and skills acquired during the training. Grades are allotted according to ITF and individual institution guidelines. Students must submit a report on their ITF experience. The report will form part of the assessment/grade for the course. 600 Level

Meaning and significance of family health in the context of primary health care. A review of the various social structures of the family provides the student with an understanding of the types of family structures they may likely encounter during practice. Knowledge relating to organisation of family health services. Special areas of emphasis include contemporary issues on gender preference; Genital mutilation. Human sexuality, puberty and the changes associated with it. Contraceptives and family planning. Reproductive health and population dynamics are also featured.