CCMAS Course Search

Concepts, principles and practice of nursing entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial process. Exploring business opportunities. Developing a business plan. Exploring market strategies. Evolving organisational plan and developing financial plans. Issues in funding, launching out and working for business growth. Generation of business ideas in nursing and self employment. Challenges of entrepreneurship practice in nursing. Management of human, material and financial resources. Legal issues in business/private practice.

Concepts of entrepreneurship. Identification of business opportunities in Speech-Language Therapy. Strategies for exploiting business opportunities in Speech-Language Therapy. Political, socio-cultural, economic and legal environment of business activities in Nigeria. Developing business plans. Conducting feasibility study on identified business opportunities. Sourcing for funds. Starting a business. Business registration process.

Concept of entrepreneurship; Business opportunities in radiography/medical imaging profession. Prerequisites for setting up a radiography/medical imaging facility and site selection. Finding opportunities and sustainable development strategies for the future. Regulatory and safety requirements. Total quality management strategies in a competitive environment. Networking options and tele-radiography in private practice. Ethical issues. Managing growth of a business venture. Education training methods, instructor-led classroom, interactive methods, hands-on training, computer based training, video training and coach/mentoring methods. Emphasis on knowledge, skills and attitudes needed to function in health care environment and inter- disciplinary expertise. Community and public health. Theories and models and their application to real world. Comparative training duration/curricula of radiography in Nigeria, UK, USA and many others. 400 Level

Definitions, concepts. General introduction to Epidemiology, Environmental epidemiology and domain of environmental epidemiology. Exposure Assessment. Descriptive Analysis, methods of investigation including the use of Time –Trend and Spatial pattern analysis. Poisson Regression. Surveillance, Risk Assessment and management. Pollution of air, water and soil, ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Investigation of disease clusters, potential environmental hazards to health. Rudiments of environmental epidemiology, use of statistical packages (SPSS, EPI – INFO, Epidata) and vital statistic and many others. Environmental contamination, environmental remediation, exposure quantification, dose response analysis, healthy worker effect principles, measures of association, causality & attribution.

The course is designed for the undergraduates in public health and others in the health sciences programs. Highlights the three cardinal areas of the environment i.e. the biological, physical/chemical and the socio-cultural environments. Components of the environment. The problems, deteriorating forms/characteristics of the man-made environments with attendant consequences. The important topics in the course include urban and rural environments with particular emphasis on the housing problems. Control of food, water and sanitation. Refuse/solid wastes disposal and management. Air and water pollution particularly in the riverine areas. Psychological, physiological, and genetic factors that affects health after exposure to environmental hazards. Genetic and physiological factors that predisposes disease as a result of environmental contamination. Visits could be made to specific side to observe conditions existing with regards to air pollution, food sanitation and solid wastes disposal. The various agencies involved in environmental protection in relation to policies, laws, regulation codes and ordinances. Definition and perspective of public health laws. Historical perspective of public health laws. Framework and rationale of public health laws. Major health offences and Procedure of enforcement. Environmental risk assessment. Students chose specific topics of interest for project presentation at class seminars. Environmental Health Laws. Procedures for enforcement of environmental health laws.

Introduction to Environmental Health laboratory. Importance and functions of Environmental Health laboratory (EHL). Construction and organisation of EHL. General laboratory, specific EHLs, environmental health biology, Environmental Health chemistry, environmental health physics, arbovirus laboratory. Safety precautions in the laboratory – safety manuals. Instrumentation: Microscopes, autoclaves, incubators, sterilizers, fridge/ freezers, hot air oven, lasers, gas chromatography, High-powered liquid chromatography, Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) UV-visible spectrophotometer and many others, colorimeter, audiometer, dosimeter, cryostat, Polymerase Chain Reaction and many others. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in field and laboratory practice. Preparation of standard solutions and reagents. Documentation and storage of laboratory equipment and reagents. Laboratory assessment and chemical hygiene. Sample collection, preservation, transportation and analysis for water, air, food, soil, objects, fomites and body fluids and body fluids. Application of EHLs in forensics. Sample collection and analysis from crime scene. Quality assurance and quality control. Concept of laboratory log book, record keeping and reporting. Field trip to various environmental facilities such as water treatment plant, waste water treatment plant, solid waste management facilities, public health laboratories, markets, selected industries, and many others. professional accreditations of EHL. Role of EHLs in disease control. Accident and emergency management: -chemical spills, swallow, fire, falls, exhaustion and many others.

Definition, concepts, terminologies in environmental Ssnitation: environment, environmental sanitation. components of environmental sanitation: solid waste management, excreta and sewage disposal, food sanitation, market and abattoir sanitation, sanitary inspection of premises (SIP), housing and urban development, management of the urban drainage system, school sanitation, pest and vector control, adequate potable water supply, control of reared and stray animals, weed and vegetation control, hygiene education and promotion, hospital sanitation, medical waste sanitation. Methods of disposal of dead bodies, embalmment of dead bodies, autopsy report, disposal of dead bodies in emergency conditions, exhumation, transportation of corpse, mortuary and cemetery. Planning for sanitation. Special homes sanitation, recreational centres and garden sanitation, Institutional sanitation such as hospital, government offices, government houses, stadia, and many others. SIP Tools (E.S. 1-15); Role of Environmental Health practitioners in environmental sanitation, institutional sanitation and many others. organisation of sanitation activities. Techniques involved in promoting community sanitation. Community mobilisation and participation in environmental sanitation. Management of urban drainage system. Financing environmental sanitation. Sanitation advocacy: Talking sanitation using various media. Tools, equipment and instruments for environmental sanitation. Development of proposal for sanitation; Strategies for Sustaining environmental sanitation. Indices of environmental sanitation among populace. Reporting system for sanitation; national policy on environmental sanitation; Environmental sanitation laws; features of eco-toilets, types of eco-toilets; recycling the nutrient. Grey water characteristics and management, advantages and disadvantages of ecological sanitation; Environmental Sanitation Diseases such as Ascariasis, Cholera and many others. 400 Level

Introduction to toxicology and environmental toxicology: - classification and types of toxicology. Concept of LD and LC. Dose response analysis. Importance of toxicology in public health, introduction to chemical pathology. Toxicodynamics and toxicokinetics. toxicants of environmental and public health concern:- lead poisoning, Pesticides, hydrocarbon poisoning, cyanide, house hold toxicants, medical toxicants:- aspirin, barbiturate, acetaminophen, environmental toxicants and xenobiotics:- carbonmonoxide poisoning, food borne poisons, nitrogen oxide poison, sulphur oxide poison, drugs of abuse:- alcohol, nicotine toxicity, opiod; mining toxicants such as lead, mercury, uranium, arsenic, and many others. other toxicants:- heavy metals, radioactive materials, food additives, animal toxins, phytotoxins, plastics and psychogenic drugs. Toxic pollutants in air, land and water. Exposure pathways, standards and health implications. System, Organ, Tissue and Cell pathophysiology. Probit analysis; general approach in poison prevention and control; poisoning signs, symptoms and management; biological poisons:- snake, scorpion and many others venom. Basics of nanotoxicology; basics of forensics in EH; Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in the environment.

Biophysics of radiation and illumination. Protection against radiation and other hazards. Role of Optometry in health care systems. Introduction to environmental Optometry. Vision screening. Occupational Optometry (Visual efficiency; Eye protection programmes in industry). Chemical injuries to external eye structures and First aid care. Lighting strategies (Evaluation and design of Lighting). Visual ergonomics in the workplace; Adaptation of vision to specific vocational needs: testing devices, analytical and demonstrative techniques in vocational prescribing. Visual requirements for driving (Vision and highway/transportation safety). Vision through the atmosphere; Problems of vision under water; Human factors in the solution to visual problems.

General epidemiologic concepts: Principles and methods of epidemiology. Distribution and dynamics of diseases; description and application of the descriptive epidemiological models of person-time-place, and agent-host-environment relationships with respect to specific diseases. Description of natural history of disease and the epidemiologic methods for prevention and control. Definition and application of epidemiological measures of risks in a population. The concept and practice of screening, and disease surveillance in the control and prevention of diseases. Basic principles and techniques of morbidity surveys, retrospective (case-control) and prospective (cohort) studies. Infectious disease epidemiology. Application of epidemiological principles and methods in decision analysis and clinical decision. Application of basic biostatistical techniques in epidemiology