Courses with Gaps

Introduction to microbiology and biochemistry. Classification and growth characteristics of micro-organisms. Enzymes Engineering: including enzyme kinetics, aerobic and anaerobic respirations, metabolic pathways, cell growth kinetics and models

The cell theory. Structures and functions of major cell components. Cell types, constancy and diversity. Cell organelles of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Chemical composition of cells. Centrifugation and methods of cell fractionation. Structure, function and fractionation of extra- cellular organelles. Water, total body water and its distribution. Regulation of water and electrolyte balance. Disorder of water and electrolyte balance. Acidity and alkalinity, pH and pK values and their effects on cellular activities.

Advanced Regression; Bio-assays; Probit and Logit models; Growth Curves; Logistic Regression; Potency/efficacy determination; Theory of clinical trials; Ethical Issues in Medical Data Collection

Variability in biological data: continuous and discontinuous variables. statistical sampling procedures. observations and problems of estimation. representation and summarisation of biological data. frequency distribution. measures of central tendency and dispersion. Probability theory. normal, binomial and Poisson distribution. t-test, f-test and chi-square test. analysis of variance (ANOVA) and covariance. principles of experimental design. correlation, linear and curvilinear regression and transformation.

Variability in biological data: Continuous and discontinuous variables; statistical sampling procedures – observations and problems of estimation; Representation and summarisation of biological data; Frequency distribution; Measures of central tendency and dispersion; Probability theory; Normal, binomial and Poisson distribution; t-test, F-test and chi-square test, Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and covariance; Principles of experimental design; Correlation, linear and curvilinear regression; Transformation.

Quality and storage of specific foods; Functional foods; Microbial influence on food production and storage; Quality assurance in the industry; Biotechnology targets in food processing; Improving food quality; Genetically engineered enzymes and additives in foods; Optimization of food processing methods; Microbial biomass and indigenous fermented foods

Data analysis: linear and non-linear models; Mass balance; Species mass; Microbial and cellular growth stoichiometry; Product formation; reductase balance and yield maintenance; Energy balance; Reaction kinectics and biological systems; Chemostats; batch fermentors; Immobilized enzymes and cells; Filtration; centrifugation and chromatography

General characteristics and functions of blood. Properties and functions of plasma. Red blood cells factors involved in erythropoiesis, blood groups. White blood cells, origin, type, properties, functions, antigenicity and immunities. Platelets and hemostatic mechanisms. Reticulo-endothelial system. Clotting and fibrinolytic systems. Immunity and immunodeficiency disease and HIV.

The course examines the basics of water supply prospecting, treatment, storage and distribution to communities-Domestic, Industrial and Commercial needs. Hot water equipment and installation. Calculations for demand, selection of pipes and fittings. Drainage systems, waste disposal, sanitary systems. Bye law requirements of fire-fighting equipment and installation. Gas services in buildings. Aspects of internal drainage design, rainwater drainage, subsoil drainage, external drainage design. Sewage treatment plants. Acoustics-fundamentals, concepts, hearing and noise acceptability, measurement of acoustic properties, calculation of noise levels (outdoors and indoors). Principles of noise control, noise control in practice. Design for noise and hearing. Use of electroacoustic aids.

Developmental milestones in cardiovascular and respiratory physiology. Cardiopulmonary function in the fetus and in old age. Cardiopulmonary responses at rest and in moderate to severe stress conditions. Pathophysiology of hypertension, obstructive and restrictive lung diseases. Principles of servomechanism as applied to cardiopulmonary physiology. Aviation, space and deep-sea physiology.