CCMAS Course Search

Introduction to Euro codes for design of building structures, design principles for reinforced concrete structures covering beams, columns, slabs, footings and retaining walls. Slabs: types of slabs, design methods and procedures, One-way spanning solid slabs, One-way spanning ribbed slabs, Two-way spanning solid slabs, restrained solid slabs, Waffle slabs, flat slabs. Columns: Types, loads, classification and design considerations, effective heights of columns, short braced axially loaded columns, short columns subjected to axial load and bending about one axis, symmetrical and unsymmetrical reinforcement, column sections subjected to axial and biaxial bending, design of slender columns. Foundations: Functions, types and general considerations, isolated pad bases/eccentrically loaded pad bases. Wall, strip and combined foundations. Software for reinforced concrete design of building structures. Design One-storey live project. Introduction to deep beam and corbel.

Introduction to the analysis and design of reinforced concrete members including beams, columns and one-way slabs in accordance to Eurocodes 2. Strength and serviceability requirements are considered: Reinforced concrete structures, structural elements and frames, structural design, design standards, design aids and computing, detailing, materials and structural durability. Concrete materials, concrete properties, reinforcements, failure in concrete structures, limit state design, characteristic and design loads. Section design for moment. Types of beam sections, behaviour of beams in bending, bar spacing, analysis of sections, shear, bond and torsion, lap length, torsion, simply supported and continuous beams, staircases, introduction to modelling.

Design of foundations, analysis and design of plates and shells as well as reinforced concrete frame design. Pre-stressed concrete classification to Eurocode. Pre-stressing methods, materials and equipment for pre-stressing. Properties of steel and concrete for pre-stressed concrete. Analysis of sections subject to axial and eccentric pre-stressed forces. Determination of minimum pre-stressed force. Retaining walls, types of retaining walls; joints in water retaining walls, analysis of retaining walls for stability, reinforcement details in retaining walls. Basic knowledge of design consideration and procedures. Composite structures. Design of shallow foundations.

Introduction to Remote sensing, Key contents include: Elements of remote sensing system, Techniques of remote sensing. Interpretation and analysis of visual and digital imageries. remote sensing application, Integration of remote sensing and GIS in geographical research, case studies GIS and the information age, Capabilities of GIS, Spatial data and their sources for GIS analysis, Raster and Vector data, Data Entry, GIS analysis and modelling data issues and problems.

Remote Sensing analytic digital image processing system. Fundamentals (Computers imaging systems, image representation- colour space, image sampling quantization, quality measurement, data products, storage and retrieval- Photowite systems, dip systems and software. Preprocessing (Encoding and decoding, sources of image degradation, atmospheric, radiometric and geometric errors, systematic and non-systematic correction, image geometry operations. Image Enhancement (Image characters, histogram, scatter plots, statistics and spatial statistics for processing, image models, spatial transforms, enhancements: radiometric and geometric operators, Fourier transforms, scale space transforms, image fusion, texture analysis. Image Classification (Spectral discrimination pattern matching Baye’s theorem- signature and feature extraction- training and classification, supervised and unsupervised methods error matrix and accuracy estimates. Image Analysis (Concept of uncertainty, fuzzy partitioning, neural nets, sub- pixel classification concept, pattern recognition, feature descriptors). Remote sensing application, Integration of Remote Sensing and GIS in geographical research, case studies. (Basic concepts of Data, Information, File system vs DBMS, Data models, Hardware and software requirements, Database Management Systems, Database languages, Database Architecture, users and administrators, Classification of Database Management Systems. Relational Data Model (Relational model, Data Structure, Constraints, Key, Codd’s Rule, Relational Algebra, Fundamental operations, Additional operations, Extended operations Null values. SQL (SQL, Data Definition, Basic structure of SQL queries, set operations, Aggregate, Functions, Null values, Nested sub queries, Complex queries, Views, Embedded SQL, Dynamic SQL, Triggers. Database Design and Management (Design process, Entity Relationship Model, Constraints, EER, Diagrams, Atomic domain and First Normal Form, Functional Dependency, Decomposition using Functional dependencies, Normalization using Multi-Valued Dependencies and Join Dependencies, Basic concepts of file organizations, indexing and hashing, Database recovery techniques, Database Security, Handling Spatial Database. Accessing Data Using Ado.Net and Vb.Net (ADO.Net Object Model using OLE DB managed provider, other data providers, Accessing XML data, Building Windows). Minimum academic standards Equipment Laboratories required for geography Cartography laboratory List of Equipment required: 1. Topographic maps 2. Theodolite 3. Prismtic compass 4. Abney level 5. Hand held Global Positioning System 6. Cross staff 7. Lighting Tables 8. Measuring tapes 9. Plane table equipment 10. Ranging poles 11. Graduated handheld soil auger Soil and earth science laboratory List of Equipment required: 1. Portable multi-parameter meter for water quality analyzer 2. Agient 240AA Atomic Absorption Spectrometer 3. Soil auger 4. Digital heating mantle spots 5. Volumeric flask 6. Conical/flat bottom flask 7. Beakers 8. Funnel plastic/glass 9. Glass dish 10. Test-tubes with holder and rag GIS laboratory List of Equipment required: 1. Workstation with Computers 2. GIS Software (Arc GIS 10.9 and ENV 5,7 saver or standalone 3. Projector 4. Interactive Screen 5. GNSS Rover System weather station 1. Manual Weather Station with Raingauge, Stevenson’s screen, Anemometer, Wind vane, Sundial, evaporimeter, soil thermometers, temperature thermometers, Barometer, for demonstration teaching and learning. OR 2. Automated Weather Station with Computer and recordings. Staffing The personnel requirements for the programme should reflect students’ population and the variety of activities to be performed in the classrooms, studios, laboratories and workshops. The ratios should conform to the NUC minimum guidelines on staff/student ratio of 1:15. Academic Staff The point of entry for each of the recognized academic positions should reflect appropriate academic qualifications, and experience in both teaching and professional practice. Details of the requirements for the various positions are indicated below: 1. Academic Support Personnel Teaching Assistant/Demonstrators are recommended to assist lecturers in the conduct of tutorials, practicals and fieldwork. 2. Administrative Support Personnel The services of the administrative support staff are indispensable in the proper administration of the departments. These will normally include confidential secretaries, clerical officers, typists, messengers and cleaners. It is important to recruit very competent senior personnel who are technology savvy. 3. Technical Support Personnel The technical support personnel shall consist of technical officers and technologists. It is important to recruit very competent senior technical staff to maintain teaching and research equipment. Library A Departmental and or Faculty Library with local, national and international journals, current books. Apart from the Faculty and Main University Library, a Department of Geography should be provided with fully equipped library and GIS Laboratory with computers and Internet connectivity and current reference books, periodicals, journals and audio-visual materials. The Department should ensure that updated literatures (soft and hard copies) in all fields of Geography and related disciplines are in the libraries (University and Faculty or Departmental Libraries). Classrooms, Laboratories, Clinics, Workshops and Offices Space Use Minimum (m²) 1. Professors Office Academic 24 2. Head of Department Administration 24 3. Senior Lecturer Academic 20 4. Lecturer Academic 16 5. Assistant Lecturer Academic 12 6. Senior Technical Staff Technical 12 7. Senior Administrative Staff Administration 12 8. Junior Technical Staff Technical 10 9. Junior Administrative Staff Administration 10 10. Studio Space Students 30 11. Lecture Space Students 75 12. Seminar Space Students 30 13. Laboratory Space Students 30 14. Library Students 35 15. Social Space Students 40 16. Storage Space Students 30

Basic concept of Remote Sensing, Electromagnetic radiation and spectrum. Energy interaction with atmosphere and earth surface. Spectral reflectance curves. Passive and active sensing. Platforms, sensors and resolution. Satellite orbital types and characteristics. Overview of popular active sensors which includes MeteoSat, NOAA, LandSat, SPOT, Ikonos, and Quick Bird. Aerial survey missions such as UAVs. Radiometric, spectral, spatial and temporal resolutions and multispectral imagery. Image analysis, visual interpretation and image classification. Presentation of remote sensing data and results.

Analytic digital image processing system. Computer imaging systems, image representation in colour space. Image sampling quantization, quality measurement, data products, storage and retrieval. Photo systems and dip systems. Pre-processing (Encoding and decoding). Sources of image degradation, atmospheric, radiometric and geometric errors, systematic and non- systematic correction and image geometry operations. Image Enhancement, image characters, histogram, scatter plots, statistics and spatial statistics for processing, image models. Spatial transforms, enhancements, radiometric and geometric operators. Fourier transforms, scale space transforms, image fusion and texture analysis. Image classification, spectral discrimination pattern, matching Baye’s theorem- signature and feature extraction and training. Supervised and unsupervised methods, error matrix and accuracy estimates. Image analysis, concept of uncertainty, fuzzy partitioning, neural nets, sub-pixel classification concept, pattern recognition, feature descriptors. Remote sensing applications, Integration of Remote Sensing and GIS.

Review of methodologies in Surveying and Geoinformatics. Techniques in research methods. Identification of research problems, review of related literature and justification for the research. Description of data source, acquisition, quality and presentation of data, processing of data. Presentation and analysis of results, research findings, conclusions, recommendations and research contributions to knowledge. Rreferences and appendices.

Understanding basic elements of research methods in geography: Selection of a research topic; definition of study problems and objectives; Formulation of research hypotheses; Experimental design for collection and analysis of data; writing a research proposal.

Conceptual definitions of research and research methodology. Types of research: Scientific and non-scientific. Types of scientific research methodology such as experimental, survey, case study and historical. The concept and importance of research in Environmental standards. methodology of Environmental Standards research. Qualitative and quantitative researches. The research process, types and sources of data and handling techniques. Layout of the research report: guidelines for the Cover page and preliminary pages, background of the study, research problem selection, meaning and formulation of research questions, research objectives and hypothesis, scope/delimitation of the study, significance of the study, literature review. Meta analysis in literature selection. Conceptual literature/framework. Theoretical literature. Empirical literature. Gap and value addition. Research methodology (Theoretical framework, area of the study, population, sample and sampling techniques. Instrument for data collection and description. Validation and reliability of instruments. Instrument administration. The research model. Analytical tools/ scaling and measurement techniques and procedure. Sources of data. Handling primary and secondary data in research. Problem of missing data. Data interpolations and extrapolations. Presentation, interpretation and discussion of findings. Summary. Conclusion. Recommendation. Policy implications. Contribution to knowledge. Limitation of the study. Suggestion for further research. References. Appendices. Prospects and problems of environmental research in Nigeria.