CCMAS Course Search

Sounds and sound patterns in English Language (vowels and consonants, phonetics and phonology); English word classes (lexical and grammatical words, definitions, forms, functions, usages, collocations); major word formation processes; the sentence in English (types: structural and functional); grammar and usage (tense, concord and modality). Reading and types of reading, comprehension skills, 3RsQ. Logical and critical thinking; reasoning methods (logic and syllogism, inductive and deductive argument, analogy, generalisation and explanations). Ethical considerations, copyright rules and infringements. Writing activities (pre-writing(brainstorming and outlining), writing (paragraphing, punctuation and expression), post- writing (editing and proofreading). Types of writing (summary, essays, letter, curriculum vitae, report writing, note-making). Mechanics of writing. Information and Communication Technology in modern language learning. Language skills for effective communication. The art of public speaking.

Sounds and sound patterns in English Language (vowels and consonants, phonetics and phonology); English word classes (lexical and grammatical words, definitions, forms, functions, usages, collocations); major word formation processes; the sentence in English (types: structural and functional); grammar and usage (tense, concord and modality). Reading and types of reading, comprehension skills, 3RsQ. Logical and critical thinking; reasoning methods (logic and syllogism, inductive and deductive argument, analogy, generalisation and explanations). Ethical considerations, copyright rules and infringements. Writing activities (pre-writing (brainstorming and outlining), writing (paragraphing, punctuation and expression), post- writing (editing and proofreading). Types of writing (summary, essays, letter, curriculum vitae, report writing, note-making, etc. Mechanics of writing. Information and Communication Technology in modern language learning. Language skills for effective communication. The art of public speaking.

Sounds and sound patterns in English Language (vowels and consonants, phonetics and phonology); English word classes (lexical and grammatical words, definitions, forms, functions, usages, collocations); major word formation processes; the sentence in English (types: structural and functional); grammar and usage (tense, concord and modality). Reading and types of reading, comprehension skills, 3RsQ. Logical and critical thinking; reasoning methods (logic and syllogism, inductive and deductive argument, analogy, generalisation and explanations). Ethical considerations, copyright rules and infringements. Writing activities, pre-writing (brainstorming and outlining), writing (paragraphing, punctuation and expression), post- writing (editing and proofreading). Types of writing (summary, essays, letter, curriculum vitae, report writing, note-making). Mechanics of writing. Information and Communication Technology in modern language learning. Language skills for effective communication. The art of public speaking.

Sounds and sound patterns in English Language (vowels and consonants, phonetics and phonology); English word classes (lexical and grammatical words, definitions, forms, functions, usages, collocations); major word formation processes; the sentence in English (types: structural and functional); grammar and usage (tense, concord and modality,) Reading and types of reading, comprehension skills, 3RsQ. Logical and critical thinking; reasoning methods (logic and syllogism, inductive and deductive argument, r, analogy, generalisation and explanations). Ethical considerations, copyright rules and infringements. Writing activities (pre-writing[brainstorming and outlining], writing [paragraphing, punctuation and expression], post- writing [ editing and proofreading]. , Types of writing (summary, essays, letter, curriculum vitae, report writing, note-making, etc. Mechanics of writing. Information and Communication Technology in modern language learning. Language skills for effective communication.. The art of public speaking.

The Laboratory Practical covers topics in some 500 level courses.

Introduction: Definition, classification of composites, Properties of composites in comparison with monolithic materials, constituents of composites. Reinforcements Materials: Metallic, Polymer, Ceramic, Composite fibres, Whiskers and Particulates, Nano-fillers, Reinforcement fibres, Woven fabrics and Non-woven random mats. Matrix Materials: Commonly used Matrices; Metal matrix, Polymer matrix, Ceramic matrix, Inter-metallic matrix, Carbon-Carbon composites; Basic Requirements in Selection of constituents; Fibre/Matrix Interface. Micromechanics of composites: Identify the roles of constituent materials in relation to properties of composites. Computation of effective properties of fibre-reinforced composite materials using the rules of mixtures. Stress-strain transformation to determine stresses and strains in a lamina for a given direction as specified by a coordinate system. Macromechanics of composite materials: mechanical behaviour of laminates using classical lamination theory, computation of stresses or strains in laminates under mechanical loading. Mechanical Properties: Stiffness and strength, geometrical aspects – volume and weight fraction, unidirectional continuous fibre, discontinuous fibers, short fiber systems, woven reinforcements, – iso-stress and iso-strain conditions, Nature of stress vs. strain curves for different composite materials. Modes of fracture and Toughening mechanisms in composites. Failure of composites: failure theories for laminated composites including simple maximum stress and strain criteria as well as complex multi-axial criteria. Manufacturing methods: Hand and spray lay - up, injection molding, resin injection, filament winding, pultrusion, centrifugal casting and prepregs. Pre-requisite: GET 202. MSE 520: Research Project (6 units C: LH/PH ) The students carry out research into selected researchable and need-driven topics pertaining to materials industries. They will be expected to carry out literature review on chosen topics, perform experiments and produce reports. Students will be subjected to both seminars and oral examinations (by both internal and external examiners) on their research projects. Minimum Academic Standards List of Minimum Equipment Equipment and tools that are required for the Materials Engineering programmes are listed below according to the requirements of the major laboratories. The accessories and consumables needed for effective use of these equipment are not listed but will be requested by the department that operates this curriculum when purchasing the equipment. Material Preparation Laboratory: . Jones Riffle Splitter . Rotary Ore Cascade Splitter . Mohs hardness tester . Hand lens . Coal pulverizer . Mettler Toledo Electronic Weighing Balance . Bulk weighing balance . Laboratory oven . A complete set of ASTM metal sieves . Sieve shaker Analytical/ Material Characterization Laboratory:  Atomic Absorption Spectrometer  X-ray Fluorescence equipment  X-ray Diffractometer  Scanning Electron Microscope with EDS  Provisions for wet chemical Analyses Mineral Processing Laboratory: 1. Jaw crusher 2. Cone crusher 3. Rod/Ball mill 4. Gravity jig 5. Shaking table 6. Denver flotation cell 7. Column flotation machine 8. Magnetic Separator 9. High Tension Electrostatic Separator 10. Stuart Magnetic Stirrer hot plate with temperature control 11. Pressure Reactor 12. Knelson Gravity Concentrator 13. Spiral concentrator 14. Hydroclassifier 15. Heavy Medium Separator 17. Muffle furnace 18. Fume cupboard Coal and Coke-Making Laboratory: 1.Coal petrographic equipment 2.Gray-king coke type equipment 3.Geeseller, plastometer 4.Ruhr dilatometer 5.Free Swelling Index equipment 6.Bomb calorimeter Foundry and Heat Treatment Laboratory: 1. Blacksmith Hearth 2. Anvil 3. Compressor and Exhaust Unit 4. Drop hammer 5. Pneumatic forging hammer 6. Ovens 7. Complete Heating furnace 8. Hydraulic – press 9. Hardening furnace 10. Oil/Salt bath with quenching oil 11. Crank shearing machine 12. Reheating furnace 13. Vacuum Annealing furnace 14. Graphite crucibles 15. Oil fired tilting furnace 16. Coreless induction furnace 17. Ladles, tackles and dollys 18. Portable crane hoist 19. Operators safety kit Foundry Material Testing Laboratory: 1. Permeability testing 2. Porosity testing 3. Grain size analysis (set of sieve analysis) 4. Universal sand testing machine 5. Ovens (drying) 6. Weighing balances (digital) 7. Pulverizing machines Welding Laboratory: 1. Welding booths 2. Automatic oxy-cutting machine accessories 3. Arc Welding machine and accessories 4. Plasma welding machine 5. Oxy-acetylene set 6. Spot welding machine 7. Circle cutting machine 8. Die blanks, tools, etc. 9. Welder’s safety kit Mechanics of Materials Laboratory: 1. Impact test apparatus 2. Creep and fatigue testers 3. Macro and Micro hardness testers 4. Strain gauging, photo-elastic behavior 5. Instron Mechanical testing equipment Metallography Laboratory: 1. Sample mounting equipment 2. Optical microscope with Camera for reflecting light studies 3. Microscope with Camera for light transmission studies 4. Sample Polishing machines Polymer Laboratory: 1. De Mattia Flexer impact testing equipment 2. Universal tensile testing on Instron 3. Optical test with turbidity, specular gloss and colour coordinates tests Extractive Metallurgy Laboratory: 1. Drying oven 2. Coal ashing furnace 3. Thermogravimetric Analyser 4. Goniometer for contact angle measurement 5. UV-Vis Spectrophotometer 6. Hardgrove Grindability tester 7. Solvent Extraction unit and 8. Ion Exchange unit Corrosion and Surface Finishing Laboratory: 1. Potentiostat with accessories 2. Electroplating bath 3. Digital weighing balances, pH and conductivity meters 4. Water bath 5. Stuart Magnetic stirrer Nanotechnology Laboratory: 1. Atomic force microscopes (AFM) 2. Ashing, etching, cleaning instruments 3. Atomic force profilers 4.3D atom probes 5. Atomic spectrophotometers 6. 3D printer for rapid prototyping Simulation Laboratory: 1. Laptop for simulation 2. Software for furnace design (Furnxpert) 3. Software for material selection, CES software 4. Software for heat treatment SIMheat Staffing Academic Staff The NUC guidelines on staff/student ratio of 1:15 for Engineering and Technology departments shall apply. However, there should be a minimum of six full-time equivalents of Staff in the department. There is need to have a reasonable number of Staff with doctoral degrees as well as sufficient industrial experience. With a minimum load of 15 Units per semester for students and a minimum of six full-time equivalent of staff in each programme, staff should have a maximum of 15 contact hours per week for lectures, tutorials, practical’s and supervision of projects. NUC requirement encourages all academic staff to have PhD degrees; hence appointment of academic staff is preferably to the Lecturer cadre. Only in exceptional cases are candidates with great promise appointed to Graduate Assistant and Assistant Lecturer positions for the purpose of being developed to the Lecturer cadre as registered PhD candidates. Academic Support Personnel Teaching Assistant/Demonstrators to help lecturers in the conduct of tutorials, practical’s and field work. This category of personnel is not expected to be regular staff as they are to be paid on the basis of approved hourly rate. Administrative Support Staff The services of the administrative support staff are indispensable in the proper administration of the departments and faculty offices. It is important to recruit very competent senior staff that are computer literate. Technical Support Personnel The services of technical support staff, which are indispensable in the proper running of laboratories and workshop/studios are required. It is important to recruit very competent senior technical staff to maintain teaching and research equipment. They are also to undergo regular training to keep them abreast of developments in equipment operation and maintenance. The minimum of academic staff to technical staff ratio of 5:1 should be maintained. Minimum Number of Staff Subject to the general standards specified by NUC: 1. there should be a minimum of two PhDs and four M.Eng degree holders full-time academic staff to mount the programme; 2. each workshop or laboratory should have an adequate number of staff with the right mix, such that each unit or section in that workshop or laboratory can run efficiently; and 3. there should be an adequate number of administrative staff of the appropriate caliber for the office of the Head of Department to run. Student/Staff Ratio The minimum staff-to-student ratio should be 1:15 from 200 level to 500 level. Library In addition to the university and faculty libraries, the programme must have a departmental library well equipped with specialised books and journals in both physical collections and e-collections (E-Resources) of various types. Various field and research reports of the programme must also be available in the library for staff, students and researchers. The library must be connected to subscribed repository of:  institutions (national and international);  open access sources;  professional bodies’ e- learning platforms, and  relevant international organizations. The library must also have adequate facilities.  for reading;  provisions for lending, and  reservation unit for specialised materials. Classrooms, Laboratory, Workshops, Offices and Clinics Academic and Non-Academic Spaces The NUC recommends the following physical space requirement: Academic m2 Professor’s Office 18.50 Head of Department’s Office 18.50 Tutorial Teaching Staff Space 13.50 Other Teaching Staff Space 7.00 Technical Staff Space 7.00 Science Staff Research Laboratory 16.50 Engineering Staff Research Laboratory 14.50 Seminar Space per student 1.85 Drawing Office Space (A.O. Board) (Per Student) 4.60 Drawing Office Space (A.I. Board) (Per Student) 3.70 Laboratory Space 7.50 Non-Academic Secretarial Space 7.00 Office Accommodation The requirements for office accommodation are: 1. 13 academic offices. 2. 1 professorial type in the department. Size: each of the office is about 13.5 m S/No Office No in Room Facilities 1. HOD 1 Table, chairs, A/C, filing cabinet, bookshelves, computer unit, Secretary and facilities. 2. Professor 1 Table, chairs, A/C, filing cabinet, bookshelves, computer unit, Secretary and facilities. 3. Reader 1 Table, chairs, A/C, filing cabinet, bookshelves, computer unit. 4. Senior 1 Table, chairs, A/C, filing cabinet, bookshelves, Lecturer computer unit. 5. Lecturer I 2 Table, chairs, fan, filing cabinet, bookshelves. 6. Lecturer II 3 Table, chairs, fan, filing cabinet, bookshelves.

Fundamental aspects of modern composite materials; types of composite materials viz: fibre, reinforced, particulate dispersion strengthened and laminar types, Metal matrix composites, Ceramic matrix composites, polymer matrix composites, and hybrid composites. Methods of fabricating composites; solid state and liquid state fabricating techniques; characteristics and properties of composites; measurement and testing of properties of composites; application of composites in engineering design; failure modes of composites.

Finite difference method, error and stability analysis. Applications to model equations and further developments: matrix methods, etc. Prerequisite(s) or concurrent(s): AAE 466, AAE 587 or consent of instructor. Minimum Academic Standards Equipment The department must have adequate office accommodation for all the staff and laboratory/workshop for practical work. Some of the lecture spaces, auditoriums, drawing rooms, laboratories and workshop are shared with other departments. Laboratories and Workshops The department should meet the required minimum laboratory/workshop for the program such as: 1. Material testing laboratory 2. Thermodynamics/fluid laboratory 3. Metrology laboratory 4. General workshop 5. Solid mechanics laboratory 6. Computational fluid dynamic laboratory 7. Automobile workshop 8. Foundry workshop 9. Drawing room Laboratory equipment required for AAE department S/N Description of Equipment Aerodynamics Laboratory 1. Open air wind tunnel 2. Modular airflow bench 3. Embedded electronic development boards Thermo-Fluids Laboratory 4. Free and forced vortex apparatus 5. Loss-in-piping system apparatus 6. Hydraulic flow bench 7. Linear heat transfer conduction apparatus 8. Small engine test set 9. Refrigeration and air-conditioning training kit 10. Flat plate solar energy collector with data acquisition accessories 11. Focusing (curved plate) solar energy collector with data acquisition accessories 12. Tubular heat exchanger 13. Plate heat exchanger 14. Flow meter calibration 15. Modified 4-stroke diesel engine 16. 4-stroke petrol engine 17. VDAS (Bench mounted version) 18. Thermal expansion apparatus 19. Thermal conductivity apparatus 20. Francis turbine(H18) 21. Computer-based thermal expansion 22. Thermal radiation system 23. Ideal gas law apparatus 24. Venturimeter 25. Ideal gas law stirling 26. Adiabatic gas law apparatus 27. Reynolds apparatus 28. Halogen lamp 29. Stirling engine 30. Drop wise and film wise condensation 31. Centrifugal pump 32 Pelton turbine 33. Hand manual pump 34. Orifice 35. Compressor igniter 36. Exhaust gas analyser Material Testing Laboratory 37. Lesker Nano 36 thermal vacuum deposition system for thin film fabrication 38. Laurell spin-coater 39. Electro-spinner 40. Furnace 41. UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer (for solid & liquid samples) 42. Scanning electron microscope 43. Instron testing machine 44. Magnetic stirrer 45. Microscopes (fluorescence & inverted microscope) 46. Environment chamber 47. Fume cupboard 48. Ultrasonicator 49. Water bath General Aeronautical and Astronautical Workshop 50. Lathe machines 51. Drilling and milling machines 52. Grinding machines 53. Worktables 54. Vice, toolboxes 55. Rotary furnace 56. Crusher 57. Heat resistance electric furnace 58. Electric tubular furnace 59. 3-in-1 planner, circular sawing and mortising machine 60. Lift out furnace 61. Trowel and masonry tools set, and rammer tongs 62, Work bench 63, Woodwork vices 64. Woodwork planer Metrology Laboratory 65. Channel temperature recorder 66. Photo\contact tachometer 67. Vibration meter 68. Digital sound level meter 69. Infrared thermal imager 70. Hand crank generator 71. Stroboscope 72. Function generator/counter 73. Manometer 74. Pressure sensor absolute 75. Thermistor sensor 76. Viscometer 77. Crank angle shaft encoder 78. Absolute pressure/temperature sensor 79. Motion sensor 80. Energy transfer generator 81. 850 universal interface 82. Potentiometer box 83. Humidity\barometer/data recorder 84. Multimeter 85. Digital anemometer 86. Thermometer 87. Fuel flow meter 88. Micrometre screw gauge 89. Digital Micrometre screw gauge 90. Venier calliper 91. Sine wave generator 92. Comparator Materials Testing laboratory 93. Lesker Nano 36 thermal vacuum deposition system for thin film fabrication 94. Laurel spin-coater 95. Electro-spinner 96. Furnace 97. UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer (for solid & liquid samples) 98. Scanning electron microscope 99. Instron testing machine 100. Magnetic stirrer 101. Microscopes (fluorescence & inverted microscope) 102. Environment chamber 103. Fume cupboard 104. Ultrasonicator 105. Water bath Automobile Workshop 106 Automotive engine test set 107 Toyota engine anatomy teaching model 108 Toolbox Solid Mechanics Laboratory 109 Mass and hanger set 110 Material structure beam adapter 111 Static and dynamic balancing apparatus 112 Material photo elasticity accessory 113 Universal testing machine 114 Bridge set Computational Fluid Dynamics Laboratory 115 Computer workstations 116 High speed computers for CFD & CAD Staffing Academic Staff The NUC guidelines on staff/student ratio of 1:15 for Engineering and Technology departments shall apply. However, there should be a minimum of six full-time equivalent of Staff in the department. There is need to have a reasonable number of Staff with doctoral degrees as well as sufficient industrial experience. With a minimum load of 15 Units per semester for students and a minimum of six full-time equivalent of staff in each programme, staff should have a maximum of 15 contact hours per week for lectures, tutorials, practicals and supervision of projects. NUC requirement encourages all academic staff to have PhD degrees, hence appointment of academic staff is preferably to the Lecturer cadre. Only in exceptional cases are candidates with great promise appointed to Graduate Assistant and Assistant Lecturer positions for the purpose of being developed to the Lecturer cadre as registered PhD candidates. Academic Support Personnel Teaching Assistant/Demonstrators to help lecturers in the conduct of tutorials, practicals and field work. This category of personnel is not expected to be regular staff as they are to be paid on the basis of approved hourly rate. Administrative Support Staff The services of the administrative support staff are indispensable in the proper administration of the departments and faculty offices. It is important to recruit very competent senior staff that are computer literate. Technical Support Personnel The services of technical support staff, which are indispensable in the proper running of laboratories and workshop/studios are required. It is important to recruit very competent senior technical staff to maintain teaching and research equipment. They are also to undergo regular training to keep them abreast of developments in equipment operation and maintenance. The minimum of academic staff to technical staff ratio of 5:1 should be maintained. Minimum Number of Staff Subject to the general standards specified by NUC: 1. there should be a minimum of two PhDs and four M.Eng degree holders full-time academic staff to mount the programme; 2. each workshop or laboratory should have an adequate number of staff with the right mix, such that each unit or section in that workshop or laboratory can run efficiently; and 3. there should be an adequate number of administrative staff of the appropriate calibre for the office of the Head of Department to run. Student/Staff Ratio The minimum staff-to-student ratio should be 1:15 from 200 level to 500 level. Library In addition to the university and faculty libraries, the programme must have a departmental library well equipped with specialised books and journals in both physical collections and e- collections (e-resources) of various types. Various field and research reports of the programme must also be available in the library for staff, students and researchers. The library must be connected to subscribed repository of the following: 1. Institutions (national and international) 2. Open access sources 3. Professional bodies’ e-learning platforms 4. Relevant international organisations The library must also have adequate facilities: 1. For reading; 2. Provisions for lending; and 3. Reservation unit for specialised materials. Classrooms, Laboratories, Workshops, Clinics and Offices Although other laboratories and workshops not listed here will be shared with many other departments in the faculty and university in general, the laboratories and facilities listed in the table below should be provided and equipped specifically for every aerospace engineering programme. Laboratories & Workshop Required for the Programme Laboratory/ S/N Requirements Required Size (m) Workshop Should provide equipment and tools for practical experiments, tests (laboratory and field) and research in aerospace Aeronautical and 18.5 x 10 x HRM* engineering, computer systems, 1 Astronautical (with Technologist’s relevant softwares and hardwares Laboratory office and a store). with supply of consumables should be provided for preparation of models and heat, and thermodynamic experiments. Should have physical models Aero/Astro, good size wind tunnel and other aerospace systems for research and demonstration. Computer systems and appropriate software packages for aerospace design and simulation 18.5 x 10 x HRM Aerospace Design 2 such as Cathia, Fluent and (with Technologist’s Laboratory OpenFoam. Provisions should office and a store) also be made in this laboratory for other hardwares, equipment and tools for avionic design. There should also be provisions for data processing, analyses and presentation. This laboratory should have equipment and tools such as jack hammer (electric, mechanical or fluid powered) for drilling; physical models or table-top Drilling and drilling rig. Tools such as hand 50 x 20 x HRM 3 Explosives augers. Models of explosives (With Technologist’s Laboratory magazine and facilities for safe office and a store). preparation of ANFO. Samples of the various initiation and detonation devices and large posters of various equipment for teaching aid. At Nigeria’s stage of independent existence, she should be thinking of space exploration. To this end, there must be a specialised lab for 50 x 20 x HRM 4 Rocket Laboratory rocket and missile designs. Such (with Technologist’s lab must have provisions for office and a store). polishing, mounting and finishing for teaching and research in all areas of engineering. * The headroom (HRM) will depend on the particular laboratory but must be sufficient to accommodate any equipment requiring high head. The NUC recommends the following physical space requirement: Academic m2 Professor’s Office 18.50 Head of Department’s Office 18.50 Tutorial Teaching Staff Space 13.50 Other Teaching Staff Space 7.00 Technical Staff Space 7.00 Science Staff Research Laboratory 16.50 Engineering Staff Research Laboratory 14.50 Seminar Space per student 1.85 Drawing Office Space (A.O. Board) (Per Student) 4.60 Drawing Office Space (A.I. Board) (Per Student) 3.70 Laboratory Space 7.50 Non-Academic Secretarial Space 7.00 Office Facilities S/No Office No in Facilities Room 1. HOD 1 Table, chairs, A/C, filing cabinet, bookshelves, computer unit, Secretary and facilities. 2. Professor 1 Table, chairs, A/C, filing cabinet, bookshelves, computer unit, Secretary and facilities. 3. Reader 1 Table, chairs, A/C, filing cabinet, bookshelves, computer unit. 4. Senior 1 Table, chairs, A/C, filing cabinet, bookshelves, Lecturer computer unit. 5. Lecturer I 2 Table, chairs, fan, filing cabinet, bookshelves. 6. Lecturer II 3 Table, chairs, fan, filing cabinet, bookshelves B.Eng. Agricultural and Biosystems

Computer aided manufacturing: operation and sequence, planning, machine definition, NC sequences and post processing. Finite element analysis: mesh types, constraints, loads, processing and interpretation of results. Data transfer. Manufacturing techniques. Maximum metal conditions, limits, and fits – MMC, BC 308 conventions, assembly drawings and parts list. Computer aided design: production drawings created from 2D and 3D CAD systems covering solid and surface modelling, mass properties, finite element analysis, rapid prototyping and computer aided manufacturing software.

Computer fundamentals: development history of computer hardware and software; hard- wired vs stored program concept; Von-Neuman architecture; Harvard architecture: principle of operation, advantages and disadvantages; single address machine; contemporary computers; computer system: block diagram, functions, examples, dataflow and control line; computer arithmetic: integer arithmetic (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division), floating-point representation (IEEE), floating-point arithmetic, arithmetic and logic unit (ALU). Introduction to CISC and RISC architecture: principle of operation, merits and demerits; storage and input/output systems: computer function (fetch and execute cycles), interrupts, interconnection structures (bus structure and bus types); overview of memory system, memory chip organisation and error correction, cache memory, and memory storage devices; overview of I/O, programmed and interrupt-driven I/Os, DMA, I/O channel and I/O processor; control unit: micro-operations, control of the CPU, hard-wired implementation, control unit operation, micro-instruction sequencing and execution, and micro-programmed control; using INTEL family, and MOTOROLA family as case study of a CISC computer system; instruction set and register: machine instruction characteristics, types of operands and operations, instruction functions, addressing modes, instruction formats, register organisation, and instruction pipelining; high performance computer systems: techniques to achieve high performance, pipelining, storage hierarchy, and units with function dedicated for I/O; RISC, introduction to superscalar processor, and parallel processor; using popular RISC processor (e.g. i960, Motorola PowerPC) as case study. Operating system: overview of operating system, dimension and type of operating system: overview of operating system, dimension and type of operating system, high level scheduling, short-term scheduling, I/O scheduling, memory management, virtual memory, UNIX/LINUX operating system: architecture, commands, programming; window-based operating systems (MS windows).