Courses with Gaps

Introduction - Theory of Chemical Neurotransmission Evidence for Acetylcholine as a Cholinergic neurotransmitter. Detection and Bioassay of acetylcholine. Cholinergic receptors, sites of action of acetylcholine at the Neuromuscular junction. Agonists and antagonists of cholinergic transmission. Parasympathomimetic and parasympatholytic drugs. Structure – Activity Relationships among the cholinergic and anticholinergic agents. Cholinesterases and anti- cholinesterases. Properties and uses of anti-cholinesterases (reversible and irreversible). Brief mention of cholinesterase reactivators (pralidoxime, obidoxime) and their uses. Neuromuscular transmission and drugs which enhance neuromuscular transmission. Neuromuscular Blockade. Smooth muscle relaxants. Ganglion stimulation and blockade and their properties.

Fundamental and derived quantities and units. Equation of motion, concepts of force work energy, power, momentum energy conservation. Fields, Electrostatics, Physical Factors governing capacitance, charging and discharging capacitor and their uses in Radiological Equipment, basic x-ray circuitry and many others. Basic computer Architecture and peripherals. Electromagnetic and Electromagnetic induction, Lenz laws, Mutual and Self-induction. principles and construction of the transformer. Transformer Parameters, uses of mutual and self-inductance in autotransformers and High Tension transformers, AC theory and sources of electric power supply. current electricity, solid state devices, Rectification, principles and uses in Radiology, concept of energy. Atomic structure, Bohr’s atom elements of quantum mechanics applied to atom, Heisenberg’s uncertainty theory, de Broglie wavelength, Schrodinger equation and configuration of atoms. The nuclear structure and models, nuclear instability and radioactivity, Wave and Quantum methods of Energy Transfer and applications in radiology, production of X-rays, Radioactivity and radioactive decay, half-life, counters, units of activity and measurement, K- capture. The atom, isotopes, isobars, isomers, nuclear binding energies, and inverse square law, effects of filtration. Luminescence and their applications. Interaction of radiation (emr and particulate radiation) with matter and their applications in medical imaging and radiotherapy. Attenuation of radiation shielding and filtration.

The cell theory. Structures and functions of major cell components. Cell types, constancy and diversity. Cell organelles of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Chemical composition of cells. Centrifugation and methods of cell fractionation. Structure, function and fractionation of extra- cellular organelles. Water, total body water and its distribution. Regulation of water and electrolyte balance. Disorder of water and electrolyte balance. Acidity and alkalinity, pH and pK values and their effects on cellular activities.

Variability in biological data: continuous and discontinuous variables. statistical sampling procedures. observations and problems of estimation. representation and summarisation of biological data. frequency distribution. measures of central tendency and dispersion. Probability theory. normal, binomial and Poisson distribution. t-test, f-test and chi-square test. analysis of variance (ANOVA) and covariance. principles of experimental design. correlation, linear and curvilinear regression and transformation.

Variability in biological data: Continuous and discontinuous variables; statistical sampling procedures – observations and problems of estimation; Representation and summarisation of biological data; Frequency distribution; Measures of central tendency and dispersion; Probability theory; Normal, binomial and Poisson distribution; t-test, F-test and chi-square test, Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and covariance; Principles of experimental design; Correlation, linear and curvilinear regression; Transformation.

Ophthalmic lens manufacture; Lens surfacing, polishing and glazing techniques; Grinding of prismatic and cylindrical lenses. Edging, insertion of lenses into frames. Front bench spectacle works and verification; patient fitting; ophthalmic frames, facial measurement and selection based on frame sizes. Format making; marking and placement of optical centres; bifocals and multifocal segments. Spectacle adjustments and repairs. Manufacture of contact lenses and ocular prosthesis. Laboratory sessions are included.

Nursing Charts: Methods of taking/recording patient’s temperature, pulse, respiration: BP. Bed making: Prevention of bedsores: General skin care: Sterile dressing/bandaging, wound management, Nursing procedures in the management of surgical patients, Nursing procedures in ICU, management of ICU patients, Lifting techniques – lifting of patients: Intramuscular/Intravenous drug administration. Injection: Chemotherapy/Medication procedure on the wards, palliative care nursing: Nurse – Therapist relationship: Practical/Clinical Sessions.

Sound patterns in English Language (vowels and consonants, phonetics and phonology). English word classes (lexical and grammatical words, definitions, forms, functions, usages, collocations). Sentence in English (types: structural and functional, simple and complex). Grammar and Usage (tense, mood, modality and concord, aspects of language use in everyday life). Logical and Critical Thinking and Reasoning Methods (Logic and Syllogism, Inductive and Deductive Argument and Reasoning Methods, Analogy, Generalisation and Explanations). Ethical considerations, Copyright Rules and Infringements. Writing Activities: (Pre-writing , Writing, Post writing, Editing and Proofreading; Brainstorming, outlining, Paragraphing, Types of writing, Summary, Essays, Letter, Curriculum Vitae, Report writing, Note making and many others. Mechanics of writing). Comprehension Strategies: (Reading and types of Reading, Comprehension Skills, 3RsQ). Information and Communication Technology in modern Language Learning. Language skills for effective communication. Major word formation processes. Writing and reading comprehension strategies. Logical and critical reasoning for meaningful presentations. Art of public speaking and listening.

Human growth and development from conception through childhood and adolescence to old age. Erikson’s developmental tasks for different stages of life. Theories of Learning. Psychology of Learning and the nurse. The nature and structure of intelligence. Individual differences. Environment and behaviour. Determinants of human health behaviour. Attitudes. Psychological influence on health and illness. Care and coping strategies in illness situations especially for children, adolescents and the elderly.

Computer devices, Data collection, Evidence Collection, Extraction and preservation of evidence, Data Recovery, Evidence preservation, verification & authentication, Data Discovery & Identification, Data Analysis, Computer Forensics Tools, Data Hiding Techniques, Computer forensics and mobile forensics.