Histology of Special Senses and Neuro-Histology/Histo-Chemistry

At the end of this course, students should be able to: 1. define the ultrastructure of a cell; 197 2. describe the light microscopic features of fibroblasts, chondrocytes, osteocytes, adipocytes, red cells, platelets and red cells; 3. explain the collagen and elastic fibres; 4. describe the proteins of the ground substance; 5. define the reticuloendothelial system; 6. discuss the various ways of classifying epithelial tissue; 7. outline the epithelial specialisations of the luminal and abluminal surfaces; 8. differentiate between microvilli, cilia and stereocilia; 9. explain the classifications of glands via morphology and method of secretion; 10. describe the light and electron microscopic pictures of muscle tissue; 11. identify synapses between neurons and motor end plates; 12. define myelination of nerve fibres and describe the structure of a peripheral nerve; 13. outline the supporting cells of the neurons centrally and peripherally; 14. explain the structure of sense receptors, free nerve endings, Meissner’s and Pacinian corpuscles and muscle spindle; 15. describe the light microscopic features of the three heart layers including histology of the conducting system; 16. demonstrate the light microscopy of the elastic, muscular arteries and arterioles; 17. enumerate the ultrastructure of the three types of endothelia; 18. define the structure of veins; 19. describe the structure of lymphatic vessels and lymphoid organs including spleen; 20. discuss the light microscopic picture of skin layers and structure of its appendages; 21. outline the peculiarities of the thick skin of palms and soles; 22. describe the basic structure of the respiratory epithelium; 23. define the structure of olfactory epithelium; 24. explain the basic arrangement of structures in the wall of airway; 25. discuss the light microscopic picture of the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear including the maculae, cristae and organ or Corti; 26. describe the light microscopic picture of eyelids, conjunctivae and the lens; 27. identify the layers of the eyeball; 28. state the layers of retina; 29. describe stained sections of the spinal cord and brainstem at various levels; and 30. distinguish the cortical layers of the cerebrum and cerebellum.

Neurohistology. Spinal cord, brain stem, cerebrum and cerebellum. Organs of special senses, sensory receptors, eyes, ear and nose. Histology of endocrine organs. Principles and techniques of histochemistry including immunocytochemistry.