Haemato-Oncology and Bleeding Disorders

At the end of this course, students should be able to: 1. explain the pathophysiology, clinical presentations, laboratory features and treatment principles of the acute leukaemia; 2. discuss the pathophysiology, clinical presentations, laboratory features and treatment principles of the chronic leukaemia; 3. describe the spectrum, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, laboratory features and treatment principles of the non-leukemic MPDs; 4. define the pathology of PNH and MDS; 224 5. explain the epidemiology, aetiopathogenesis, morphology, clinical features, investigations, staging and treatment of the lymphomas; 6. describe the aetiopathogenesis clinical features, investigations, treatment, complications of MM and related disorders; 7. demonstrate competence in enumeration of the differential diagnoses of lymphadenopathy in HIV infection; 8. enumerate the concept and steps involved in primary and secondary haemostasis; 9. describe the principles behind, and clinical utility of simple tests of haemostasis; 10. explain the clinical pattern of bleeding in platelet disorders, as compared to coagulation factor deficiency bleeding; 11. discuss the aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, treatment of ITP; 12. demonstrate competence in enumerating other causes of platelet-related bleeding; 13. describe the spectrum of inherited coagulation factor deficiencies and related bleeding disorders; 14. illustrate the spectrum of acquired bleeding disorders; 15. describe the aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, laboratory features and treatment of DIC; 16. discuss the mechanisms, clotting abnormalities, and treatment of haemorrhagic disease of the newborn and CLD; 17. explain the principles of anticoagulant therapy and monitoring; 18. list the characteristics of the antigens and antibodies to ABO and Rh blood group systems; 19. discuss the aetiopathogenesis, manifestations, investigations and treatment of HDFN due to ABO and Rh incompatibilities; and 20. explain the general principles of ABO/Rh blood grouping and cross-matching.

Acute leukaemia myeloblastic (AML), lymphoblastic (ALL), clinical presentation, laboratory findings and treatment. Chronic leukaemias myeloid (CML), lymphocytic (CLL), clinical presentation, laboratory findings and treatment. Non-Leukemic myeloproliferative disorders. Polycythaemia rubra vera, myelofibrosis, essential thrombocythemia. The lymphomas, hodgkin (HL), non-Hodgkin’s (NHL), Burkitt’s (BL) clinical presentation, laboratory findings and treatment. Multiple myeloma clinical presentation, laboratory findings and treatment. Miscellaneous disorders, paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria, myelodysplastic syndrome. HIV Infection and Haematological manifestations. Clinical staging of HIV infection, anaemia in HIV infection, leucopaenia in HIV Infection, thrombocytopenia in HIV Infection. clotting profile abnormalities in HIV. Differential diagnoses of lymphadenopathy in HIV Infection. Haemostasis and thrombosis. Normal haemostasis, coagulation cascade, fibrinolysis, tests of haemostasis, bleeding time, PT/PTTK/TT, fibrinogen assay and titre, FDP/D-dimer. Platelet disorders. General pattern of bleeding in platelet disorders, idiopathic thrombocytopenia, other causes of platelet-related bleeding including drugs. Inherited bleeding disorders. Haemophilias, inheritance pattern, clinical presentation, laboratory investigations and treatment. Von Willebrand’s disease. Acquired bleeding disorders, liver diseases, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, haemorrhagic disease of the newborn. Thrombotic disorders. Deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and anticoagulant therapy and monitoring.