Physiology Practical II

At the end of this course, students should be able to: 1. demonstrate cardiac cycle and effects of drugs on cardiac muscle of toad; 2. illustrate various methods of measuring arterial blood pressure and determining effect of posture and exercise on arterial blood pressure, recording and analysis of 12 lead electrocardiogram; 3. conduct an appropriate cardiac examination; 4. perform spirometry and vitalography; 5. perform urinalysis and urine microscopy; and 6. conduct microscopic examination of saliva.

The Cardiac cycle in toad. Effect of drugs on cardiac muscle of toad. Measurement of arterial blood pressure. Effect of posture on arterial blood pressure. Effect of exercise on arterial blood pressure. Recording of human electrocardiogram. Cardiac examination. Spirometry measurement of lung volumes. Vitalography. Urinalysis. Urine microscopy. Microscopic examination of saliva.