Neuro-Embryology and Development of Pharyngeal Apparatus

At the end of this course, students should be able to: 1. explain gametogenesis and compare the process in male and female; 2. describe the hormonal, ovarian and endometrial cycles and how they are interconnected; 3. outline the preconditions, phases and consequences of fertilization; 4. describe cleavage and implantation; 5. discuss the establishment of body axes and fate maps during the gastrulation period, third week and the role of genes in such process; 6. explain further development of the trophoblast during the third week of development; 7. outline the derivatives of the three germ layers and how they develop during the embryonic period, third to eighth week; 8. describe the development of placenta and fetal membranes; 9. explain the development of membranous and cartilaginous neurocranium; 10. describe the development of the limbs and the vertebral column; 11. outline the development of cardiac loop, sinus venosus as well as cardiac septa; 12. describe the development of aortic arches and the venous system; 13. explain fetal circulation and the transition happening after birth; 14. describe the development of the respiratory bud and the origins of the respiratory epithelium, smooth muscle and cartilages; 15. discuss the formation of body cavity and the diaphragm; 16. describe the developments of the derivatives of the foregut, its artery as well as dorsal and ventral mesentry; 17. outline the development of the midgut, its rotation and its artery and dorsal mesentry; 18. describe the development of the hindgut; 19. explain the developments of the three systems of kidneys and that of the excretory and collecting system of the kidneys; 20. describe the developments of bladder in urethra from the upper and pelvic parts of the urogenital sinus and contrast the process in males and females; 21. explain and compare and contrast the development of gonads and genital tracts in males and females and explain the role of genes and hormones in this process; 22. explain, compare and contrast the development of external genitalia in males and females and the roles of genes and hormones in this process; 23. outline the derivatives of the pharyngeal arches, pouches and clefts; 65 24. explain the developments and origins of the three parts of the ear; and 25. describe the development of eyelids, conjunctival sac, lens vesicle and eyeball.

Development of the face, pharyngeal derivatives and teratology. Development of nervous system and sense organs. Developmental anomalies and their clinical syndromes.