General Pathology

At the end of OPT 313 (General Pathology) course, students should be able to: 1. explain the concept of pathology and its subdivisions; 2. discuss the normal cell structure, the plasma coat, cytoplasm, and cell organelles; 3. describe fundamental pathological processes such as cellular reactions and adaptations; 4. discuss the anomalies of cellular functions and human immunology; 5. describe cell injury and cell death, the causes, cellular swelling, cell necrosis and its types; 6. describe inflammation and repair processes, including exudates, fluid and hemodynamic derangements; and 7. discuss genetic disorders and systemic implications.

Introduction to pathology and its subdivisions. The normal cell; the plasma cell coat; cytoplasm and its organelles; the nucleus. Fundamental pathological processes. Cellular adaptation: atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, hypoplasia, dysplasia, agenesis, and aplasia. Anomalies of cellular functions and human immunology. Cell injury and cell death: causes, cellular swelling, cell necrosis and types, somatic death, signs of death, cadaveric changes, intracellular accumulations, hyaline change, and cellular aging. Inflammation and Repair. Exudates. Healing and repair. Fluid and hemodynamic derangements. Genetic disorders and systemic implications. Infectious diseases. Disorders of organ systems.