Ocular Microbiology

At the end of OPT 326 (Ocular Microbiology) course, the students should be able to: 1. discuss the origin and different kinds of infections; 2. identify different form of infections that may affect the body system, particularly the eye, its adnexa vestibular and oculo-visual systems; 3. apply the acquired knowledge in microbiology to insulate optometry patients from cross infections in the clinic; 4. discuss the classification of bacteria (gram-positive and gram-negative); 5. describe the characteristics and structure of bacteria; 6. describe the normal flora and microbiota of the human eye; 7. analyse microscopic culture and sensitivity tests for microorganisms implicated in ocular infections; 8. state the characteristics of viruses and fungi that infect the eye; 9. explain the concept of host-parasite relationship; 10. discuss the effect of antibiotics, antiviral and antifungal preparations on bacteria, viruses and fungi; 11. refer to appropriate corollary and other health professionals such as ophthalmologist, family doctor, a neurologist on any infections that may require medical/surgical attention; and 12. apply the acquired knowledge by listing out the needed steps for infection control in an Optometry clinic setting.

Scope of microbiology, historical approach to infections and its control, classifications and nomenclature of microorganisms. Introduction to the microbial world, introduction to bacteriology, mycology, virology and parasitology (the protozoans); disinfection and sterilization; natural and acquired resistance to infection; determination of innate immunity; deep/superficial tissue infections; fungal infections: deep and systemic mycosis, perichondral/cartilaginous/osseous infections; hospital associated infections. Microscopy; growth and nutrition of bacteria. Classification of bacteria (Gram-positive and Gram-negative). Characteristics and structure of bacteria. Normal flora and microbiota of the human eye. The microscopic culture and sensitivity tests for microorganisms (bacteria) implicated in ocular infections. Characteristics of viruses and fungi that infect the eye. Host-parasite relationship; chemotherapeutic agents – the effect of antibiotics, antiviral and antifungal preparations on bacteria, viruses and fungi. 400 Level