Surveying Instrumentation

After the completion of this course, students should have the ability to: 1. highlight the design of components, sources of errors and accuracy attainable for all instruments; 2. use and take appropriate care of the instruments; and 3. carry out temporary and permanent adjustment of instruments.

Basic principles, design, construction, sources of errors, accuracy attainable, uses and care of the following surveying equipment: Ranging poles, cross staves, optical square prism. Chains, wires, lines tapes, steel bands, Survey compasses, Tripods. Effect of diurnal variations, magnetic, storms and local attraction on compass. Different types and uses of levels, parts of levels and leveling staves. Sub tense bar, Range finder, Parallax bar, Stereoscope, Plan meter, Pantograph, Coordinatograph, Plane-table and other elementary surveying Instruments. Working principles, construction, classification, calibration, types, uses, care, sources of errors, accuracy attainable, temporary and permanent adjustment of the following surveying instruments: EDMs, Theodolites, Levels, Tachometers, Altimeter, Psychomotor, Gravimeter, Doppler shift frequency, Laser, Global Positioning System (GPS), Total station Instruments targets/reflectors, Digital Plotters and scanners, Comparators and Drone.