Specific Infectious Diseases

At the end of this course, students should be able to: 1. describe aetiology of measles infection; 2. enumerate the risk factors/epidemiology of measles infection and identify measles rash; 3. list the clinical phases of measles infection and features in each phase; 4. list differential diagnosis of measles; 5. assess and manage a child with measles; 6. enumerate prevention of measles using the 5 levels of prevention; 7. define and classify TB infection; 8. describe the basic pathology/pathophysiology and natural history of TB; 9. recognise clinical features suggestive of TB in children; 10. describe investigation and diagnosis of TB; 11. list drugs in management of TB and possible side effects; 119 12. enumerate principles of management of TB, DOTS; 13. describe prevention and control of TB using the 5 levels of preventions; 14. describe the pathogenesis and natural history of HIV infection in children; 15. categorise HIV infected children based on rate of disease progression; 16. list the factors that influence disease progression; 17. discuss diagnosis of HIV infection and stage the disease in children; 18. outline the criteria and methods for laboratory diagnosis of HIV in children; 19. describe the national algorithm for early infant diagnosis of HIV infection and PITC; and 20. explain the pharmacology of anti-retroviral therapy in children.

Malaria in children, severe malaria, introduction, epidemiology, pathophysiology, types of malaria. Clinical features, diagnosis of malaria, Management. Prevention, control. Infectious diseases. Measles, aetiology, risk factors, epidemiology, pathology, pathophysiology, clinical phases, features of measles (Koplik spots, rash distribution, common complications) evaluation and management of measles, prevention 5 levels of prevention, vaccine. Pertussis, aetiology, epidemiology and transmission pathology, pathophysiology of pertussis, phases, clinical features, investigation, making diagnosis, differentials, complications and management, prevention. Polio, aetiology, epidemiology and risk factors, pathology, pathophysiology of polio, forms of polio virus infection, clinical features of polio virus infection, differential diagnosis, investigation, diagnosis, complications of polio infection, management, prognosis, prevention. Tetanus, aetiology, types of tetanus infection, pathology, pathophysiology of tetanus infection, clinical features, differential diagnosis, complications, principles of management, treatment, prevention of tetanus. Tuberculosis, introduction and epidemiology. Pathology, pathophysiology. Natural history of tuberculosis, wallgren timetable. Peculiarities of TB in children. Investigations, diagnosis. principles of management. Dots prevention and control using the 5 levels of prevention. Paediatric HIV and AIDS, epidemiology and burden of paediatric HIV. Course of HIV disease. Viral & immunological dynamics. Clinical features of paediatric HIV. Clinical and immunological staging. Diagnosis. Testing algorithm <18, >18 months. Care of the HIV exposed child. Antiretroviral treatment. Schistosomiasis.