Renal and GIT Pharmacology

At the end of the course, the students should be able to: 1. discuss the pharmacology (mechanisms of action, clinical effects, indications, adverse effects and contraindications) of major drug classes acting on the renal and gastrointestinal systems and the principles of therapy.

Renal pharmacology: Anatomy, physiology and principles of diuresis, comprehensive pharmacology of diuretics (Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics, Loop diuretics (high celling diuretic), Potassium-sparing diuretics, aldosterone antagonists. Mechanism of action of action, therapeutic uses, examples, adverse effects, contraindications and clinical status of inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase, water and osmotic diuretics, acid forming salt, mercurial diuretics, xanthines, pyrimidines and triazines. GIT pharmacology: Introduction to gastrointestinal diseases. Pathophysiology and causes of peptic ulcer disease (roles of Ach, Histamine, HCl, Gastrin, Prostaglandins and Helicobacter pylori). Mechanisms of action, dosage forms, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, side effects, contraindications, caution and drug interaction of drugs (Antacids, Proton pump inhibitors, H2 receptor blockers, CCK receptor blockers, Antimuscarinic, Antibiotics, Prostaglandins and Cytoprotectives) used in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. Purgatives, treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and Cohn’s disease. Antiemetics and antidiarrheal and treatment of flatulence. 400 Level