EHS 503
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
2 Unit(s) (LH 15; PH 45)
Course Description
At the end of this course, students should be able to:
1. explain the following terms; water, sanitation, hygiene ECO-SAN, CLTS, CLUES, PHAST,
GLAAS, SDGs and many others;
2. explain the concepts of WASH;
3. discuss WASH in Schools, Healthcare Facilities (HCFs), public places and emergency
situations;
4. identify and discuss the impact of WASH related diseases;
5. discuss the importance of WASH programmes in epidemic situations such as Covid-19, Ebola
and many others;
6. appraise gender issues in WASH;
7. outline the importance of WASH to the public;
8. discuss the roles of Govt and NGOs in WASH programs in Nigeria;
9. discuss WASH policies in Nigeria;
10. evaluate sanitary methods in excreta management;
11. outline WASH related SDGs;
12. discuss sanitation marketing in WASH; and
13. how to set up toilet business.
Course Outline
Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH), evolution of WASH, Terminologies. Concepts of water,
sanitation and hygiene. Water sanitation and hygiene in schools. WASH in health care facilities,
WASH in public place such as markets, mosques, churches, parks, recreational facilities and filing
stations. WASH in Emergency situations like Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and
Drinking-Water IDPs camps, WASH in low-income countries, WASH related diseases, Impact of
WASH on diseases, WASH in pandemic situations such as Covid-19, Gender issues in WASH,
Genital hygiene, Menstrual Hygiene Management, Emergency water and emergency sanitation,
Importance of WASH to the public, especially children. Excreta management technologies-ECO-
SAN. Air, Water & Soil quality; sanitation approaches - Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS),
Community Led Urban Environmental Sanitation (CLUES), Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation
Technologies (PHAST). and many others; WASH policies, Roles of Development Partners and Non
Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in WASH programmes in Nigeria, such as United Nations
Children Emergency Fund (UNICEF), UN-Water, WATER AID. Water safety plan, Sanitation
marketing, sanitation ladder, Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council
(WSSCC)/Hygiene & Sanitation Fund (HSF), Global Sanitation Fund (GSF), Global Analysis and
Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking (GLAAS). Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). WASH
Toilet Business set-up.