Basic Clinical Chemistry

At the end of this course, students should be able to: 1. convert results from one unit format to another using si unit system; 2. describe the physiology and biochemistry of the gastric secretion; 3. list the test in urinalysis and microscopy profile; 4. describe how laboratory tests are used in these disorders; 5. discuss the mode of action of hormones in carbohydrate metabolism; 6. discuss the type of lipids; 7. describe the measurement of plasma lipid and lipoproteins; 8. outline the factors affecting synthesis of protein; 9. explain the functions of kidney; and 10. outline the causes of acidosis and alkalosis.

Traditional and S.I units in Clinical Chemistry; Reference values: Gastric function tests; Agents for Gastric stimulation. Ward procedures and Laboratory Investigation of Gastric Secretions. Intestinal function tests; Digestion and absorption; Causes of Malabsorption. Laboratory investigation of malabsorption. Renal function tests; functions of the kidney; Measurement of Renal plasma flow, Glomerular filtration rate – Creatinine clearance, Insulin clearance, Concentration and Dilution Tests; Urinary Acidification Tests, urine specific gravity/Osmolarity Dye Excretion test. Water and Electrolyte metabolism. Acid base balance; Definition and causes of acidosis and alkalosis; Blood buffers. Transport of blood gases; assessment of acid/base status. Lipids; definition and types of lipids; Formation of free fatty acids, ketone bodies and Lactate; Measurement of plasma lipids and lipoproteins. Plasma proteins and physiologic functions; factors affecting synthesis and catabolism. Methods for the determining of total protein in serum. Carbohydrate metabolism: Blood glucose homeostasis; hyperglycaemia diabetes mellitus – its causes and investigation; Hypoglycaemia – types causes and investigation.