Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics

At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. describe basic concepts of thermodynamics, i.e., quantitative relations of Zeroth, first, second and third laws; 2. define and explain system, surrounding, closed and open system, control volume and control mass, extensive and intensive properties; 3. calculate absolute and gage pressure, and absolute temperature, calculate changes in kinetic, potential, enthalpy and internal energy; 4. evaluate the properties of pure substances i.e. evaluate the state of the pure substances such as compressed liquid, saturated liquid-vapour mixture and superheated vapour using property diagrams and tables; arrange the ideal and real gas equations of state, 5. formulate the first law of thermodynamics for a closed system i.e. organize the change in energy in the closed systems via heat and work transfer; 6. distinguish heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation, and calculate the amount of heat energy transferred; 7. calculate the changes in moving boundary work, spring work, electrical work and shaft work in closed systems; 8. apply the first law of thermodynamics for closed systems and construct conservation of mass and energy equations; 9. formulate the first law of thermodynamics to the open systems i.e. describe steady-flow open system, apply the first law of thermodynamics to the nozzles, diffusers, turbines, compressors, throttling valves, mixing chambers, heat exchangers, pipe and duct flow; 10. construct energy and mass balance for unsteady-flow processes; 11. evaluate thermodynamic applications using second law of thermodynamics; 12. calculate thermal efficiency and coefficient of performance for heat engine, refrigerators and heat pumps; and 13. restate perpetual-motion machines, reversible and irreversible processes.

Basic concepts, definitions and laws (quantitative relations of Zeroth, first, second and third laws of thermodynamics). Properties of pure substances: the two-property rule (P-V-T behaviour of pure substances and perfect gases); state diagrams. The principle of corresponding state; compressibility relations; reduced pressure; reduced volume; temperature; pseudo-critical constants. The ideal gas: specific heat, polytropic processes. Ideal gas cycles; Carnot; thermodynamic cycles, turbines, steam and gas, refrigeration. The first law of thermodynamics – heat and work, applications to open and closed systems. The steady flow energy equation (Bernoulli’s equation) and application. Second law of thermodynamics, heat cycles and efficiencies.