Gross Anatomy of Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis & Perineum

At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. identify the bones and bony markings of the thorax, abdomen, pelvis and perineum; 2. list the nine regions and four quadrants and the principal organs and structures that lie deep to them and which can be palpated in those region; 3. describe the muscular components of the anterior abdominal wall, blood supply and innervation of the anterior abdominal wall; 4. identify the arteries, veins and lymphatics of the thorax, abdomen, pelvis and perineum; be able to list the main branches of the aorta and their territories; and describe the disposition of the main veins in the abdomen; 5. describe the parts, position, vertebral levels and surface markings of the stomach and duodenum as well as the position, vertebral levels and surface markings of the pancreas, spleen, liver and gall bladder; 6. describe the greater and lesser omenta and the lesser sac; 7. describe the disposition of the jejunum and ileum; describe the surface anatomy of the caecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon and sigmoid colon; 8. describe the anatomy of the pelvic diaphragm, its midline raphe, perineal body, attachment points and the structures passing through it in males and females; 9. describe the anatomy of the ischio-anal fossa; 10. describe the anatomy and relations of the ovary, uterine tubes, uterus, cervix and vagina, including their peritoneal coverings; 11. describe the anatomy and neurovascular supply of the clitoris, vulva and vagina; the anatomy of the urogenital diaphragm and perineal ‘pouches’; 12. describe the origin, course and distribution of the pudendal nerves and the sites of pudendal nerve block; and 13. describe the lymphatic drainage of the foregut, pelvic and perineal organs;

Introduction to the trunk; thoracic cage; intercostal space; thoracic cavity; pleural cavities; lungs; mediastinum general; anterior & superior mediastinum; middle; mediastinum – heart and pericardium; heart – applied anatomy; posterior mediastinum. General anatomy of abdomen and abdominal regions; anterior abdominal wall muscles; inguinal canal – inguinal and femoral hernias; peritoneal cavity and spaces; abdominal oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, spleen, small intestine, large intestine, appendix; portal venous system; portocaval anastomoses; liver and gallbladder. Pancreas and biliary apparatus; kidneys, suprarenal glands, and ureters; diaphragm; posterior abdominal wall; aorta and inferior vena cava; posterior abdominal wall muscles; lumbosacral plexus; bony and ligamentous pelvis; pelvic diaphragm (floor); male reproductive organs; female reproductive organs; male and female external genitalia; perineum; rectum and anal canal; pelvic blood vessels; abdomino-pelvic nervous system.