Hydro graphic Surveying I

Upon completion of the course, students should be able to: 1. carry out position fixing at sea and on water; 2. determine mean sea level topography of the sea bed; and 3. carry out river survey and measurement of current and discharge.

Basic concept of hydro graphic surveying. Z-dimensional positioning at sea and on water. Depth determination, tides and mean sea level. Sounding methods and position fixing at sea. Three- point problem, Strength of fix, Sextants and station pointer. Positioning accuracies, measuring systems and sources of errors. Navigation and positioning, tides and tidal streams. Chart and sounding datums. Mean sea level determination. Tide gauge and poles. River surveys and measurement of current and discharge.