Natural Gas Utilisation and Monetisation Concepts

At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. use gas technology in acoustic and combustion engineering; 2. design furnace and burners for gas combustion; 3. describe the various processes involved in the conversion or use of gas either as a fuel or as an ingredient (raw material) in the following industries: a. Petrochemical, cement, paper and pulp b. Fertilizer, power plants andair-conditioning c. Medical equipment/anesthetics d. Processes of gas utilisation in the industries above; 4. Calculate waste heat and develop waste heat recovery programs in plants; 5. explain domestic gas utilisation in the areas of cooking/heating/drying; and 6. discuss the effects and significance of gas prices on gas utilisation/monetisation.

Review of thermodynamic concepts. One dimensional gas dynamics. Continuity equation, energy and euler’s equations and reservoir conditions. The momentum equation, isentropic condition andBernoulli equation. Dynamic pressure and flow at constant area. Supersonic flow in ducts. Frictionless flow effects of viscosity and conductivity. Fundamental technologies and engineering aspects of industrial gas utilisation. Relevant aspects of fluid dynamics, heat transfer, combustion, and acoustics. Technology of industrial gas utilisation, including refractory materials, burner and furnace design, safety, measurement and control. Gas utilisation in the following industries: glass, aluminium, steel, fertilizer, petrochemicals, cement, paper and pulp, power plants, drying and air conditioning. Temperature control of furnaces; waste heat recovery; efficiency of furnaces. Domestic gas utilisation. Effects of gas prices, characteristics and quality. Emphasis will be laid on safety and control.