Glass Melting Furnace, Refractories, Fuels and Fuel Economics

At the end of the course, students should be able to: 1. identify different types of glass-melting furnaces; 2. identify raw materials for the production of refractories; 3. describe different classifications and properties of refractories; 4. explain corrosion of refractories due to frequent contact with molten glass and glass defects as a result of refractories inclusions due to corrosion; and 5. demonstrate knowledge of furnace construction.

General description of glass melting furnaces. Discontinuous furnace (day tanks and pot furnaces). Continuous glass furnaces. Regenerative furnaces. Recuperative furnaces. Electric melting consideration in furnace design construction. Refractories, properties and testing. Classification of refractories. Principles of refractory manufacture, slip laws and concepts. Corrosion of refractories. Glass defects through refractories inclusions. Theory governing combustion calculations. Coal carbonization, coke. Solid and liquid fuel combustion. Injectors and electric heating.