Introductory Pathology

At the end of the course, students should be able to: 1. discuss concepts of general pathology; 2. discuss and recognise signs and symptoms that are considered red flag for serious disease; 3. discuss and disseminate pertinent information and findings, and ascertain the appropriate steps to follow during rehabilitation; 4. describe consequences of pathologic processes on the structure and function of the human body; 5. discuss selected disorders/diseases common to acute care in the physical therapy/other rehabilitation sciences; and 6. explain normal structure and function, in relation to disease processes in the physical therapy/other rehabilitation sciences.

Definition of pathology. Diseases and relevant terms used in pathology. The causes and classification of diseases Cell damage and its sequel inflammation, its function and type. Inflammation – Acute inflammation: features, causes, vascular and cellular events. Chronic inflammation: Causes, Types, Classification, Repair, Wound healing by primary and secondary union, factors promoting and delaying the process. Infection and bodies’ defense against it Cross infections and its control. Some important bacterial fungal and viral infections including Tuberculosis Hypertrophy, dysplasia and dystrophy Tumours, their etiology, types classifications and characteristics. Cysts, their formation and classification. Developmental anomalies or disturbances. Effects of ionising radiation on human tissues, Trauma wounds, fractures, dislocations and bleeding. Systems pathology disorders of blood- RBCs WECs and thrombocytes Disorders of circulations, the heart, and respiratory system, diseases of the Gastro-intestinal tract disorders of bones and joints. Disorders of blood: Constituents of blood and bone marrow, Regulation of hematopoiesis. Anemia: Classification, clinical features & lab diagnosis, Hemodynamic disorders, thrombo embolic disease & shock. i. Ischemic, necrosis, thrombosis, embolism, Infarcation, shock. ii. Gangrene. iii. Thromboangitis obliterans. Neoplasia – Definition, classification, Biological behaviour : Benign and Malignant, Carcinoma and Sarcoma, principles of their spread. Hypersensitivity diseases and immunity – Brief overview of hypersensitivity reaction allergies & auto immune diseases. Genetic disorders – Brief over view of genetic disease. Nerurovascular diseases : Outline of Cerebro-vascular disorders ii. Trauma to brain and spinal cord. iii. Demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis. iv. Degenerative diseases like parkinsons disease. v. Peripheral vascular disease vi. Poliomyelitis. Metabolic disorders – Diabetic mellitus- Types, Pathogenesis, Pathology, Laboratory diagnosis.